Pedal-assist e-bikes are transforming our cities for the better, but a growing trend of illegal electric motorbikes is putting that progress at risk. We speak with the Birmingham Bike Foundry about the shocking case of a legal e-cargo bike being crushed by police and sit down with Cycling UK to discuss how “e-bike crime” headlines are hurting innocent cyclists. It’s time to clear the air and demand better regulation for a safer, greener future on two wheels.

Chapters
00:00 – Not All E-Bikes Are Created Equal
00:55 – The Rise of Anti-Social Behaviour
01:21 – Testing a High-Power Electric Motorbike
07:35 – When the Police Get it Wrong: The Crushed Cargo Bike
11:10 – Why We Need to Differentiate E-Bikes and Motos
13:12 – The Danger of Misinformed Media Coverage
15:11 – Why E-Bikes Are Being Banned from Trains
16:11 – The Problem with Outdated Product Safety Laws
18:02 – Is the Gig Economy to Blame?
19:11 – How Better Regulation Protects Cyclists

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The distinction between a legal pedal-assist e-bike and a powerful electric motorbike is clear to us, but it seems politicians, the media, and even the police are struggling to tell the difference. Have you ever felt unfairly targeted while riding a legal e-bike, or do you think stricter regulations are necessary to stop the rise of illegal motos? Let’s discuss in the comments! 👇

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41 Comments

  1. The distinction between a legal pedal-assist e-bike and a powerful electric motorbike is clear to us, but it seems politicians, the media, and even the police are struggling to tell the difference. Have you ever felt unfairly targeted while riding a legal e-bike, or do you think stricter regulations are necessary to stop the rise of illegal motos? Let's discuss in the comments! 👇

  2. 12:42 And there ya go. They want the tax, license, registration. AKA, your friendly government has discovered that people are enjoying something and they want to squeeze more money out of us.
    Who cares if kids do stupid stuff? You can pass all the laws you like, kids will always be stupid and a few of them are going to hurt themselves. Welcome to the human race. That’s been going on for 20,000 years. Just make sure there are laws against driving on roads and being reckless and leave it at that.

  3. I used a legal e bike to commute 12 miles into work most days. I think I'm the only legal ebike going into Derby most days. Illegal ebikes and scooters are everywhere! They are dangerous and annoying! I see e Moto cross bikes daily that must be going at 50 mph along shared paths. It's ridiculous!

  4. Crazy to think i have my diy 48v 1000w 30mph hub motor kit for , 4 years now , 15.000 miles

    it's On a cube mtb frame with hydraulic brakes 500quid all in ……… 50miles 1kwh of energy 23pence .

    The fact that it's illegal is beyond me when a racer on a decent geared bike can outspeed me 😂 . Should be classes for ebike power levels . Over 30. 35mph should be classed as moped power

  5. Labour created the issue of over-regulation thne turning the Birmingham police into dogsbodies. Your MP didn't do squat to prevent this, but I bet was pleased to tell you how fast she could make them jump.

  6. Create a pathway to register and insure the electric motorbikes. They have value being used on the roads but they should be out on the road like any other scooter or motorbike. Having plates should make riders ride more like a normal motorcycle rider who generally doesn't end up where pedestrians are walking. As for the food riders, penalties for the platforms should apply with the Traffic Commissioners being able to order deliveries to stop when there is systematic abuse occurring. Let them run kits but insist on company provided controllers that link via Bluetooth to the app managing the rider. If the app can communicate with the controller then any tampering will shut off orders being sent to the rider.

  7. The image accompanying the line “cheap batteries and conversion kits” is a perfectly legal, £500 Mahle Range Extender – more than some of the illegal e-bikes!

  8. Legislate according to weight not power. Much easier to police. Any bike-shaped object weighing more than say, 20kg, must be registered, carry plates, and require the rider to be licensed (so, no kids). Crush the BSO when it is impounded. Fine the parents heavily . Ffs, it's not rocket surgery.

  9. The retailer here is the problem. They are only interested in taking the money for a sale. They absolutely know these bikes are being used illegally befire they sell them. I’d shut down their business and lock up the owners just as much as the cretins that ride illegal motorcycles on the road.
    These dealers are profiteering from known illegal activity, under UK law they are liable …

  10. At least here in the US, I think the laws around these e-cycles are confusing; we have three classes of e-cycles, each class has different rules, and one of them can go faster speed than the others–how does that make one bit of sense? Also, I believe the US laws use the word "bicycles" which implies laws are different for all other cycles, like what the heck? The laws are hard to understand for someone (like me) who knows the laws exist and knows at least basic info about e-bikes, imagine the average joe that knows nothing or very little? This isn't even mentioning how individual cities and municipalities often have their own nuance on the e-bike laws. So here's my hot take (this is OPINION*)… My proposal is this: – *A simple rule of having a e-motor that does not allow the rider to go faster than 18 MPH (~30 KM/hr) on motor power.
    This could include a limit on how powerful the motor is, I think it's usually considered to be ~750 watts. If the device exceeds this threshold, then it's a e-moto or e-moped, not an e-cycle, and therefore, it must be registered as with other similar vehicles and you must have licensing where applicable. This could also include an empty weight limit of, maybe, 200 lbs (90kg) which I'll discuss further below.

    Doesn't matter how many wheels it has, if it's more in the form factor of a go-kart or a form factor of a wheel chair or even a bicycle or tricycle or one wheel or literally any type of mobility device you can think of. Doesn't matter if it has pegs or pedals, if it has a deck, if it's pedal assist or throttle, if it looks like a motorcycle… If it cannot exceed that 18 MPH or 30 KM/hr speed, it should be considered at the same level as a bicycle which, in my opinion, should be allowed to be ridden on most if not all sidewalks and walkways.

    Perhaps there should be a weight limit of the device's empty weight… Maybe an empty weight of not more than 200 lbs (~90kg)… so that you can rule out most serious ATVs, UTVs, and other larger vehicles from going where they shouldn't. Most e bikes are not gonna exceed 100 lbs, but if you need more batteries for more range or maybe additional features like lights, signals, horn, etc., it could get close to 200 lbs, so hence that's my logic for choosing that number. Most adult-sized gas-powered quads, for instance, are gonna be well over 300 lbs.

    At the end of the day, you also have mobility devices that actually are used by disabled people that should be allowed in places with other pedestrians. Even just today when I was at a market, I saw this old guy riding an e-tricycle with a deck and no pedals, who… while I didn't ask, I am betting he probably needs the wheels to get around safely. You even have the toys (often called powerwheels) that are so under-powered that if you arrest or ticket the young one (or adult) riding it just because it "looks" like an e moto or overpowered go kart, you'd probably get a lotttt of bad press. But I think with current rules… technically, even these may be illegal to ride in certain right of way at times which doesn't always make sense.

    Furthermore, most normal non-e-powered cycles are not gonna be regularly exceeding 18 or 20 MPH unless they are going downhill, at which point, gravity is gonna be the main driver. Hence the limit of how fast the motor can push which I share here. And to reemphasize.. because there is the possibility of hitting a steep down hill that speeds the rider up, the speed should be limited to the output of the motor not the top speed of the device.

    Lastly, if you are on private land and have permission of the owner or manager to ride there, you should be able to ride as high- or low-powered of a device as you want, just as long as you aren't taking it onto public right of way.

    If there's something else I'm not considering, someone please let me know… I personally have cycled normal pedal cycles but not e-cycles; I've intermingled with e-cycles, however, and do try to keep up to date on the latest regarding e-cycles and e-powered devices just because, yeah, they look fun and probably are fun. They can also be great mobility and transport devices that enhance the real-world traveling experience and reduce the amount of pollution into our world.

    Oh and one more thing in case it wasn't clear. FORGET whether the device has pedals. That's irrelevant as it's regularly used as a work around.

  11. Electrics assisted bikes should be able to go as fast as a track cyclist going around a velodrome and give you as much range as a tour de France rider. I advocate for more power. Throttle assistance and removal of fines. It's just the petrol mafia not wanting people to get around cheaply .

  12. We also need to address the Police System of chasing quotas because as all of us know policemen can also LIE anytime on their reports.

  13. A big help would be something like a £100,000 fine for the likes of Uber Eats or Deliveroo every time one of their delivery riders was found to be using an illegal electric motorcycle to do their work.

    And police should not be targeting riders who are peacefully proceeding at the correct speed – that's just classic cherry picking the easy targets. What the public wants is for the hooligans doing wheelies to be tackled – but that is difficult so the police won't bother.

  14. Thank You GCN and Conor for a really good analysis of the E-Bike vs Electric Motor Bike debate. Here in Sydney and around Australia we are dealing with the same issue. I will be sharing your video with our local member and radio stations to try and get that word out there. I see so many elderly cyclists who just cannot pedal around like they used to, relying on these for their independence. Keep up the fight. 👍

  15. No motors should have been put on bicycles in the first place. This by definition transforms said bicycle to a moped. The blokes who "need" assistance should/could just get a moped.. Please let bicycles be & stay as bicycles.

  16. So the problem starts with bikes being allowed to assist up to 15.5 mph. This should be reduced to 12 mph and power limited to 50 Nm and no battery larger than 250Wh. Truly bikes to aid mobility. After that these should be regulated as motor bikes with regard to insurance, crash helmets and need to pass a driving test. Same for MTBs where legal bikes weigh 40-60lb and are destroying trails. Allow police to confiscate all bikes outside these parameters and do sting operations ordering food to catch out the delivery riders.

  17. Class all e-bikes as electric motorcycles and do away with the speed and power restrictions.
    Make registration, tax and insurance compulsory, along with a provisional licence as a requirement.
    That way there’s direct accountability and clearer lines to prosecute people riding dangerously.
    Harsh but it will protect “proper” cyclists, by clearly defining if you’re a cyclist or a motorcyclist.

  18. Something that hasn't really been talked about is the reason people are riding basically motorbikes illegally. Insurance, tax, registration and the biggest one – getting a license to ride motorbikes – is so extortionately expensive, basically a scam. If riding a motorcycle legally wasn't so expensive none of this would be a problem, it costs £1300 and 7 days full time to get a motorcycle license after you pass the theory and that's only if you pass first time, if you don't it's more time and more money. no wonder people do it illegally instead.

  19. I would first like to say is that I own a dual 750W hub e-bike with a 20Ah Samsung Battery, the hub motors come from Bafang, and is locked from the factory at 25Km/h (Australia), yes I have had it unlocked and it can do 50Km/h… unlocked.
    since I came off the bike, and damaged the crankcase, itself, after hitting a wet patch of road, after coming through an S Bend at train station, skidding for 25 metres while it was on dual hub mode …. it has been locked to factory settings …. and will be like this when get it repaired, for when I go back on the road.
    I have installed though a Yamaha motorcycle rear light system, (12V ) as I would be installing turn signals on it, and motorcycle driving lights with Halo fog lamps, all this running off a 12V system, but the tail lights and brake lights, am going to be asking the mechanic when I take the bike in to see if they can wire the rear lights into the controller, for the front light, as it has a light sensor, that automatically turns the lights on when senses dusk or low light conditions.

    I also agree with your outcome that e-bikes if remained locked in at factory specs, are great assistance, for people with mobility issues, like myself, I will inturn when the bike is repaired, is using at factory specs, as I have seen a lot of e-bikes here in Australia, that are road legal and have turn signals front and rear, which is why I am installing the extra lighting on the back of the bike, and as it's a pedal assist e-bike, I am installing the redshift ark pedals on it, where when you move the bike and pedal the bike, the pedals themselves, make you more visible on the road, upto 57% and are a product I would highly recomend for all pedal cyclists, and I will be installing them on all my pedal assist bikes. I do however have a throttle installed on my dual hub motor e-bike, and is something that is rarely used, I ownly use it when going up hills and starting off at lights, then I switch back to pedalling, mainly in PAS 4 but after watching a youtuber few weeks back, he mainly uses PAS 1 and using the full cassette at the back, allowing him to maintain longer battery life.

  20. I will be purchasing a 2nd road legal e-bike, with built in turn signals, and is UL Certified and also has built in GPS Tracking as well…this bike I would be purchasing has dual batteries, and is dual motored at 1000W Bafang motors, and is quite legal on the road here in Australia…and is what I am in a sense doing to my other e-bike the red one, installing the turn signals on it.
    Over here in Australia, thay are seriously thinking about banning all illegally modified e-bikes from Metro trains and all of the Sydney train network, only the e-bikes that are UL Certified, are and would be allowed, and this is due to safety issues, with regards to fires breaking out on public transport…

    I agree totally with Duncan though, if the e-bike is legal on the road, and is able to assist the person riding, who has mobility issues, like me, then I am totally all for it, I have seen many ocasions where people are riding modified illegal e-bikes, and chucking wheelies on them in the street, then am all for the police cracking down on them, but for the people who like to get out and ride their e-bike, then getting pulled over, cause they think it's ilegally modified, then that's wrong, and there should be more education on members of the police force, and parliament in respect to legal PAS e-bikes.

  21. The trouble we are having in Australia is these type of eMotos are being confused with fully legal eBikes. In one state to ride a normal eBike you have to have a licence!

  22. I've been thinking about this… we need a whole new term like Assist-Bikes "A-Bikes" . Require manufactures to use Vehicle Identification Number then Register and Plate them to owners.

  23. As previously discussed on GCN, it has been noted that there is confusion between the term e-bike and e-motorbike, so why in the title is it written as e-bike and not e-motorbike?

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