Посета замку Девин бициклом + прича о Ћирилу и Методију | са титловима

(титлови: Eng/Рус/Deu/Esp/EO/Por/Svk/Pol)

🚴‍♂️ У овом видеу водим вас на бициклистичку авантуру од моје куће све до чувеног Замка Девин (Hrad Devín) — историјског места на ушћу Мораве у Дунав, близу Братиславе.

🏰 Упознаћете се са историјом овог замка и његовим значајем за Словене уопште. Причам и о Ћирилу и Методију, њиховом мисионарском раду и зашто се баш овде спомињу.

📚 Видео је идеалан за оне који уче српски језик (ниво B1–C1), али воле и историју, културу, путовања и причу из прве руке.

🎧 Српски титлови + преводи на друге језике: Eng/Рус/Deu/Esp/EO/Por/Svk/Pol

00:00 увод
00:36 полазак
03:43 прича
28:25 подвожњак
29:03 мост
34:51 зоо
35:46 ушће
37:09 замак Девин
48:11 повратак

english subtitles
русские субтитры
Deutsche Untertitel
subtitulos españoles
esperantaj subtekstoj
napisy polskie
legendas em português brasileiro

#LearnSerbian #SerbianLanguage #SrpskiJezik #УчитьСербский #ИзучаемСербский #СербскийЯзык #SerbischLernen #SerbischeSprache
#AprenderSerbio #IdiomaSerbio #UcenjeSrpskog #serbian #howtolearnserbianlanguage #SerbianLanguage #LearnSerbian #SerbianCulture #CyrilAndMethodius #DevinCastle #BicycleTour #bicycleVlog #LanguageLearning #SlavicLanguages #Glagolitic #History #BikeRide #Slovakia #Devin #castledevin #сербскийязык #учимсербский
#DevínCastle #HradDevín #ЗамокДевин #ЋирилиМетодије #ИсторијаСловена #СрпскиЈезик #LearnSerbian #BalkanTravel #BikeTrip
#сербия
#цириллометодий
#замокдевин
#велотур
#путешествия
#изучениеязыков
#славянскиязыки
#српскијезик
#учењесрпског
#учењејезика
#српски
#српскисатитловима
#историја
#ЋирилоиМетодије
#ДевинскиЗамак
#бициклизам
#путовање
#словачка
#култура
#језик
#путовањесрбија
#словенскијезици
#глагољица
#туре
#бициклистичкатура
#историјскиспоменици
#глаголица
#история
#велопрогулка
#словакия
#HradDevín
#HradDevin
#Bratislava

Hello everyone. We are now going to visit a place that many rightly consider the cradle of Slavic literacy, and we are going to visit that place by bicycle. It will take us about three to four hours, I think. So, let’s go! Okay, now we are a bit closer to Devin Castle, which is located right at the confluence of the Morava and Danube rivers. That’s the Morava between Czechia and Slovakia, not the Morava in Serbia. So, don’t confuse them. Devin Castle. We’ll start best with Cyril and Methodius, since more or less everyone in Serbia has heard of them, and more or less every town and every small city in Serbia has a Cyril and Methodius street. What is their greatest importance for the Serbs or for all Slavs in general, i.e., for their literacy? Well, Roughly speaking, people may not know the details, but more or less, everyone knows that they are the founders of Slavic literacy. And they are closely connected to the castle we’re heading to. That is Devin Castle. Who were Cyril and Methodius? That is, Constantine and Methodius. Cyril, or rather Constantine, received the name only near the end of his life when he became a monk in Rome. So he can be called Constantine and Cyril. But since there are many Constantines in these stories, and only one Cyril, we’ll call him Cyril. They came from a large family from the Thessaloniki area. It is not known for sure whether they were of Slavic origin, whether they were Slavs or not, but it is certain that they knew the Slavic language. At that time, Slavic languages did not exist
in the way we know them today. Bulgarian, Slovak, Czech, Russian, Ukrainian, and so on, rather, at that time they were all very similar to one another. So similar, in fact, that all the people who spoke Slavic languages—or the Slavic language— were supposedly able to understand each other. Cyril—he was, for his time, and not only for his time but in general, he was a highly educated man, a philosopher, a mathematician, he studied various other disciplines, such as music, natural sciences, and so on. He even taught for a time at a higher school in Constantinople, perhaps—some would say—at a university for that time. And he most likely was a tutor to a Byzantine prince before he became emperor. Before the mission that we’ll talk about today, they had a relatively unsuccessful mission, when they were tasked with introducing Christianity to the Khazar Empire. That was a people similar to the Turks who lived in the territory of today’s Ukraine, around the Black Sea. To carry out this mission, Cyril and Methodius—or only Cyril, it’s not entirely clear— came to the city of Cherson, in what is now Ukraine, which lies on the Dnieper River, near where it flows into the Black Sea. In Cherson, their—or his—mission was not very successful, because the Khazars did not accept Christianity. In fact, they later converted to Judaism. Still, the mission wasn’t completely unsuccessful, because Cyril managed to find—or somehow come into possession of—the relics Saint Clement, who is not this
Saint Clement of Ohrid who will be mentioned later in our story, but is one of the first Roman popes ever, from the early Christian period, who lived in the first century, was the third or fourth Roman pope and the Catholic Church declared him a saint and martyr because at that time Christianity
was still, of course, forbidden and he was killed by being tied to an anchor which was sunk in the Black Sea and so he drowned and that is why he is often depicted on icons together with an anchor. Saint Clement’s relics, Cyril donated to the Vatican, to Rome, which will have a lot to do with later events and he will be permanently associated, so to say, with the relics of Saint Clement,
respectively with the Church of Saint Clement in Rome which still exists today and because of that he will gain great credit in Rome. Their trust, which we will see helped him a lot in carrying out his mission. Yes, now we are slowly approaching, both physically,
and with this story to Devin castle. Devin castle was the seat, in the final instance the cultural capital of the then Great Moravia, which was at the end of the 9th century, more precisely in the year 863 ruled the Great Moravian prince Rastislav who wanted to accept Christianity for various reasons. On one hand, he was pressured by Germanic tribes, namely the Salzburg principality, the Frankish state, and so forth, and probably also for his personal reasons he thought that he might rule more successfully if his population adopted Christianity which was at that time becoming a European trend, or rather it was fashionable to accept Christianity and he wanted to keep pace with the whole of Europe. However, until then no Slavic people had yet adopted Christianity, not even them. He first sent an invitation to the Roman pope in Rome to send some of his missionaries who would translate the Bible into the Slavic language and thus help Christianity to more easily enter that people. However, the Vatican was categorical that that all religious, all Christian ceremonies can only be performed in three languages: those are the languages in which the Old Testament was written — Hebrew, the New Testament Greek, and, is it the language of the Vatican, Latin — and that under no circumstances could the holy books be translated into the language of some barbarians, such as the Slavic language. Since that request failed for Prince Rastislav, he turned to Constantinople, that is, Byzantium, or today’s Istanbul, and asked the emperor the same question, the same favor, and the emperor answered affirmatively because the Byzantine emperor saw it as an opportunity to expand his influence, which was already quite broad. From the Near East it would now extend all the way to Prague somewhere, and he did not want to miss that opportunity, so on that occasion he sent the best people he had for that. Those were Cyril and Methodius. Yes, Methodius was actually the older brother of Cyril and mostly he carried out the larger part of the work after Cyril, and Methodius, well, I understood him from what I have read as his assistant, the older brother, who was always there at his side, but the main work for everything was done by Cyril. And so, in the year 863, after Prince Rastislav’s invitation, Cyril and Methodius arrived in the Great Moravian principality, and most likely spent the majority of their time in the castle that we are now heading to. In Devin Castle. It is not known exactly how long they stayed there. There are not many written traces because, as we will see, there were actually no written traces before them at all. So, Cyril and Methodius translated the Holy Scripture into the Slavic language. And not only that, in order to translate it into Slavic, they had to invent a script with which they would translate and write it. That script is not Cyrillic, as many think, because Cyrillic is logically linked to the name Cyril. Cyrillic would come later, as we will see. Cyril and Methodius invented Glagolitic script, by which they translated the Holy Scripture from Greek into the Slavic language. We still can’t talk about Slovak, Czech, or other such languages. It was rather some kind of Slavic language spoken by both Cyril and Prince Rastislav and the other inhabitants of the Great Moravian principality. Yes, by the way, the Great Moravian principality had influence, since states back then weren’t like today with clear borders defining exactly where they extended to, but it influenced not only the area around the Morava River, which springs in Czechia, flows through Czechia and Slovakia, and flows into the Danube, but also had influence southwards all the way to the Little Balaton where there are some archaeological findings where traces of the earliest literacy have been found among the Ugrians, i.e., the Hungarians. And some historians connect the influence of the Great Moravian principality precisely with that. Interestingly, the Christianity brought then to the Great Moravian principality was from Byzantium and had a symbol which can still be seen on the coat of arms of Slovakia today. It is a double cross. Many call it the cross of Cyril and Methodius, but it was actually the cross of Byzantine Christianity. But in the Great Moravian principality, it was known as the cross of Cyril and Methodius. And it remains to this day on the Slovak coat of arms and flag. Interestingly, the same cross also exists on the Hungarian flag and coat of arms. Now, it’s probably rejected the thesis that Cyril and Methodius personally carried out a similar mission in Hungary, that is, on the Little Balaton, on Kis Balaton which I mentioned earlier, but the more probable thesis is that the Hungarians also accepted Christianity also from Byzantium, and they were among the last peoples in these lands to accept Christianity. So when they accepted it, Cyril and Methodius were probably long dead, so the cross on the Hungarian coat of arms is not their merit. But the cross on the Slovak coat of arms… Cyril and Methodius spent four years there, from 863 until 867. However, as I already said, at that time there was a problem with Rome, because Rome did not allow any holy rites or even the translation of holy books into any language except these three. Those are Hebrew, Greek, and Roman*… and Latin. Although, for example, in Armenia and Georgia, these are countries that accepted Christianity even before Rome. Armenia maybe almost 100 years before Rome accepted Christianity. It was the first country to officially accept Christianity as a state religion. And Armenia, Georgia, and a kingdom on the territory of today’s Ethiopia and Eritrea performed rites in their own languages, meaning in Armenian, Georgian, and probably Coptic. Correct me if I’m wrong, but probably in Rome they considered those countries insignificant, far away, and didn’t interfere much, but in the Great Moravian principality they did not allow it. They insisted that it be exclusively in Latin language or possibly in Greek. Because of this, Cyril and Methodius headed to Rome in 867 for negotiations with the then pope Hadrian or Adrian. And maybe out of gratitude, because of the relics of Saint Clement, whom I already mentioned earlier, or because of something else, Basically, Pope Hadrian welcomed Cyril and Methodius and approved all liturgies, all religious texts, the Holy Bible and so forth in the Slavic language. Cyril and Methodius, or rather just Cyril, stayed in Rome for two more years, when Cyril suddenly died. I think he was quite young, he didn’t reach even 50 years. And in 869, the following year, Methodius returned to the Great Moravian principality where he lived for another 15 years, where he became a monk, performed various religious rites or whatever — I don’t know much about it. He died 15 years later, probably in 885. Cyril was buried in the Church of Saint Clement, which still exists in Rome and there is his grave. Many Slavic peoples, or rather their representatives, visit his grave as a sign of respect for Cyril, who was declared a saint, together with his brother Methodius. And for the Day of Slavic Literacy, they chose May 24th, it’s not exactly known what happened on May 24th, but somehow that date is connected with the invention of Glagolitic script, which we mentioned, someone once somewhere said that Glagolitic was officially proclaimed on May 24th, although there is no clear evidence for that. Personally, I have no objection to that. Because May 24th is one of my two favorite dates, along with July 23rd. Methodius’s grave is not exactly known. According to some accounts, it is probably somewhere in Czechia. Although I heard some of our linguists say there are indications it might be in Mačvanska Mitrovica, which is separated by the Sava river only from Sremska Mitrovica,
or the then Roman Sirmium. But as I said, there are no clear proofs. So, their heritage is exceptional for all Slavic peoples. That’s how literacy started, and that’s how the writing of books among the Slavs began. Among all Slavs. The Glagolitic script was used by Slovaks for some time, according to some even by Hungarians, later by Croats as well. Among Slovaks and Hungarians it did not last long because of the influence of Western Germanic tribes who had stronger influence. Many years later they brought in and established the Latin alphabet, which remains to this day. And interestingly, especially for people who speak our language, in Croatia it lasted for a very, very long time and there are many inscriptions in Croatia in Glagolitic, Even in Serbia it was used, but not as much as in Croatia. In Croatia it was used, I’m not exactly sure, but maybe even until the 19th century or the 18th. We will check that, but certainly it lasted the longest there and there are many museums in Croatia where Glagolitic script can be seen. Later, in the city of Cherson, which we already mentioned which was an important Byzantine port on the Black Sea, actually near the Black Sea, the Russian prince Vladimir later accepted Christianity in the year 988, so a good 100 years,
a little more than 100 years after the Great Moravian mission of Cyril and Methodius, so the Russians accepted Christianity much later. But the year 988 is very important in Russia and
is considered the beginning of Christianity in Russia, because Prince Vladimir was baptized in Cherson, and that opened the doors for literacy also among the Russians, because they practically received a lot of books that same year. First, of course, the Holy Scripture and religious texts which were now written in Cyrillic. Yes, we haven’t mentioned Cyrillic yet. In those 100 years, something happened in the meantime. Some of the most important students of Cyril and Methodius were Saint Clement of Ohrid and Saint Naum. They served together with
Cyril and Methodius in Great Moravia, but after their deaths, they returned to Bulgaria, that is, to Ohrid, which at that time was part of Bulgaria, and Saint Clement created a script
which used many Greek letters. It didn’t have much to do with Glagolitic, but nonetheless, in honor of his teacher,
he named that script Cyrillic. So Cyrillic was not invented by Cyril, as many think. I even heard some Serbian linguists who thought that Cyril composed Cyrillic, but that was Saint Clement of Ohrid. It is not exactly known whether he created Cyrillic in Ohrid itself or perhaps in the city of Preslav in Bulgaria, which was… at that time, let’s say the cultural capital of the Bulgarian Empire. But certainly, Saint Clement is the founder of Cyrillic, and Bulgarians consider him not just one of, but the sole
founder of Bulgarian literacy. Even the state university
in Sofia is named Saint Clement of Ohrid. Near Ohrid, he is also buried, and also on Lake Ohrid, near the border with Albania, there is a monastery named Saint Naum. Ohrid claims them as its own. Well, let’s not get into debates now
about whose Clement and Naum are. We can certainly agree that they are very important for literacy among the Slavs in general. and in 988, when Prince Vladimir accepted Christianity, he received books
that were written in that Slavic language, not to say Bulgarian, but
the Slavic language that was used in Bulgaria and they were written in Cyrillic. Since then, the Russians, as well as all the later peoples among the Eastern Slavs: Ukrainians, Rusyns, and Belarusians, have used Cyrillic. I don’t know how long this lasted,
but I think we are now very close to Devin, so let’s hurry to get there. By the way, since I’m already here, it should definitely be mentioned the excellent cycling infrastructure in Austria, which, as you might see, I’m really impressed with. Here you see, there is a cycling underpass in the middle of some village. So this isn’t even
the main bike path between Vienna and Bratislava, but some secondary one that I took because I just like the landscape here. Here you see, there is a creek, called Russbach. Here! We have almost reached the border with Slovakia, which is nothing other than the river we have already mentioned several times, that is the Morava river. So, this Czech-Slovak-Austrian river Morava, and not the Serbian one, which the Czechs and Slovaks also call Morava and the Austrians call March. And this whole area, where we are now,
is named after it Marchfeld. Or “Field of the Morava.” It is fascinating that until the late 80s it was completely impossible to cross, literally. There was the “Iron Curtain,” not in the literal sense, but for those who don’t know what the “Iron Curtain” is, it was the border between the Eastern and Western blocs. Although Austria was formally not part of the Western bloc or NATO pact, many considered it a Western country or, at least, neutral. And all those who tried to escape from the Eastern bloc, whether to Western countries or to neutral ones like Austria, they had a lot of trouble with that, and quite a few of them died in the attempt — that is, they were killed. And when we cross the Morava, we’ll have the chance to see a few monuments. Right at the very confluence of the Morava and Danube, there’s a large monument to the victims of the “Iron Curtain.” Now, there is no border at all, as you’ll be able to see. There’s just one bridge now — a bicycle bridge. That means only cyclists and pedestrians can cross it. Here, you can already see a bit of it — we’ll be there soon. And interestingly, there isn’t a single car bridge nearby. There’s a railway bridge over to the left, but there’s no car bridge over the Morava. So, if you want to go to Slovakia by car, you have to go all the way across the Danube via Hainburg
and take a big, big detour. But for us cyclists — here’s the bridge, finally. Look, there are pedestrians too, and runners. Often there are also rollerbladers and scooter riders, etc. Now it’s getting steeper and we’re going uphill. Finally, a bit of flat ground. After three or four hours of riding, a climb like this is not something you exactly look forward to. Opa! There goes the Morava toward the Danube, and we’re heading toward that castle over there. And as is often the case in life, after every uphill climb comes what? A downhill! By the way, it’s interesting… Now we’re already in a place called Devínska Nová Ves which means something like Devín New Village. Interesting. I’ve been here already, I don’t know, maybe ten times, and whenever I tried to talk to someone, I had to speak either in my version of Slovak or some other Slavic language, or in English. I haven’t met anyone here who speaks German yet, which I find very, very interesting. Even though there hasn’t been any border for decades, that is — the only border is the bridge we just crossed. They also use the same currency, the train and bus transport is excellent, but still — interestingly, very few Slovaks speak German, and very few Austrians speak Slovak. One more uphill stretch, and I think I’ll see you at the castle. Here’s a little zoo, let’s say. There’s an ostrich over there. Can you see the ostrich? There is some ram or something like that. I think most of the animals are sleeping now, it seems to me. That was a small zoo, and over there is a large castle. The castle or fortress Devin. Well, let’s go. Here is the confluence of the Morava and the Danube. There used to be the Slovak flag, the European Union flag, and I don’t know what else, but now they are gone. This is the Morava, and over there, oh! that is the Danube, as you might expect. Everything across the Danube is Austria, and everything across the Morava is also Austria, and we are in Slovakia. Here, that is Devin up there. I think this is called the Arpad’s pillar or Arpad’s tower, something like that. He was some Hungarian-Slovak king named Arpad. And this is the monument I mentioned earlier, the monument to the victims of the Iron Curtain. I think there is a list of all the People
who died while trying to cross into Austria, which at that time was forbidden. With or without passports. Now we are going to Devin. Since I parked the bike, I’m going up to buy a ticket. We’re going up to explore. We’re following the paths of Cyril and Methodius who most likely spent a lot of productive time here and brought the first literacy to all Slavic peoples here. Which way should we go? I think we’ll go right. No, I actually went straight, and now I’ll go right. Another uphill! Opa! Now we’re already very close to the top. This is the first Carpathian. The first in the Carpathian range. It’s called Devínska Kobyla. The last one, well — hard to say.
Some say it’s the Svrljig mountains near Niš. Water! Just what I needed! I hope there’s just a little more uphill — I mean, stairs. Just a little more. Everything you see over there… that’s the Morava River. Everything on the left side is Austria, where those wind turbines and fields are. That’s Marchfeld, which we mentioned. On the right side, it’s already hilly, you can already see a natural border. It’s interesting — the Danube is the same way. On the left bank it’s flat, on the right side it’s hilly. Already from Vienna, even before Vienna, and also in Bratislava, in Budapest, and partially in Novi Sad. On the right side, there’s Fruška Gora, and especially in Belgrade it’s more than obvious. We’re going even higher. Yes, yes, yes. I remembered correctly. You can’t quite see Vienna, but you can really see a lot. And it’s really beautiful! There’s the confluence we talked about. Here we are, for those who like to see all this graphically on a map and with a bit of description in Slovak, English, and German. Usually, there are lots of ships here, but right now right now, I don’t see a single one. Ah, over there you can see Bratislava! You can see Bratislava very clearly from here. I think that even administratively, this castle belongs to the city of Bratislava. Actually, I’m sure of it. It’s beautiful. It was worth climbing all those steps to get up here. Really, the view is absolutely beautiful. The lady is right. Yes, that is, that is the Danube — or Donau — or Dunaj. For all Slovenians: don’t confuse “Dunaj” with the city of Vienna. Yes, in Slovenian, “Dunaj” means Vienna — or Wien, in German. But in Slovak, Dunaj is what you see here. That’s the Danube. In that direction is the church. Somewhere down there behind these — behind those trees are actually the remains of the church which, I think, is less than 10 meters long. It might be seven or eight, tops Because generally, Slavic peoples at that time, over a thousand years ago, weren’t known for their lavishness, which you can also see in Serbia, from the remains of various princes’ courts. It was the same here. That church, although of great historical significance,
was actually very small. but regardless of that, it is believed that Cyril spent, most of his time in that church translating the Holy Scripture into the Slavic language and composing the Glagolitic script. So let’s go there and see what remains of that church. Once again, I’m heading to this lovely fountain. You see how free things become the most expensive in hard times— that is, the most valuable. Stop the robots before it’s too late! There you go! They used to say: “Robots are harmless.” Stop them while they’re still harmless! I’ll just have to ask ChatGPT how to stop robots in the easiest way. Here we are, in front of that church. Fundamente der Großmährischen Kirche
(Foundations of the Great Moravian Church) Základy vel’komoravského kostola
(Foundations of the Great Moravian Church in Slovak) Yes, this pretty much says everything I just told you. I don’t know. I’ll take a photo and include it in the video for those who want to read what it says here, and for those too lazy to hit pause and read. For those who aren’t lazy — here, I’m doing it for them too. Here we are! So, this is the entire church. So, most likely, Cyril translated the Holy Bible here and created the Glagolitic script. That is most likely. And what is almost certain, almost 100%, is that this was the first church— for all the old Slavs… for all Slavs in general. And according to some reconstructions, it looked something like this. So, here’s a model… In the model, you can’t really see how small it actually was, but if you look— well, this width is I don’t know, like— you could fit maybe at most three of me side by side. So it’s no longer than 6 meters. Actually, it’s not wider than 6 meters, and it is a bit longer, but not too much. So, how much did I say it was? 10 meters? Well okay, maybe it’s more than 10, but definitely not more than 20 meters. Some oval rooms on the left and right sides. I’m not sure what they were for—this one here, and this one here. Here they’ve placed— this is obviously more recent. So, these are the remains of that church. Actually, I don’t believe they’re the remains. It’s possible they’re… very likely just stones at least the ones we can see here on the surface. that are of a more recent date. And probably some foundations were placed over the original foundations. Yes, there was probably some passage here. You had to go from one room to another. That’s it. Modest, not big, but of great significance, and with a beautiful view, too. This place wasn’t chosen by accident for a castle, since it’s at the confluence of two rivers and very elevated. So it was very, very difficult for a foreign army to conquer. Yeah. What does it say here? “Reconstruction of the Great Moravian… Great Moravian church” Author: Strassner Hlavicová, 1988 Alright, that’s that. It’s already… What time is it? 4:15. I think I’ve earned myself a zmrzlina, that is, an ice cream. Down there, at the base of this hill, which is fantastic, and not expensive either, and I’ve got the same distance to walk back as I walked here, and I wouldn’t really like to get caught by the dark, because back there, some 20–30 km before entering Vienna, it’s not advisable to drive in the dark, because you can’t see a thing once night falls. So, I’ll have to step on it. See you. Oh, I didn’t tell you I paid for a student ticket, because a regular one costs 8 euros, and a student one only 4 euros. Here’s proof for the doubting Thomases. What does it say here? Student Not sure if it’s visible. Here. No need to hold it, people get it. I think it’s because of my helmet which hides my gray hair. So, even if the helmet didn’t protect my head today, it saved me 4 euros. Wear a helmet! I think I’ll treat myself to some zmrzlina here. Well, let’s hurry. Here, just quickly so you can see where we were a moment ago, if it’s visible. There! Opa! Right here. That’s it, I have to head home. Subscribe! Like! Share! Everything! Bye!