The Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik was founded in 1910 by Gustav Otto in the Kingdom of Bavaria, which was a state of the German Empire. The firm was reorganized on 7 March 1916 into Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG. This company was then renamed to Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) in 1922. However, the name BMW dates back to 1913, when a company to use the name was founded by Karl Rapp initially as Rapp Motorenwerke. The name and Rapp Motorenwerke’s engine-production assets were transferred to Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in 1922, who adopted the name the same year.[7] BMW’s first product was produced for fighter aircraft of the Luftstreitkr├дfte. It was a straight-six aircraft engine called the BMW IIIa, designed in the spring of 1917 by engineer Max Friz. Following the end of World War I, BMW remained in business by producing motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. The company produced its first motorcycle, the BMW R 32, in 1923.
BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 when it purchased Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which, at the time, built the Austin 7 under licence from Dixi.[8] The first car sold as a BMW was a rebadged BMW Dixi called the BMW 3/15, following BMW’s acquisition of the car manufacturer Automobilwerk Eisenach. Throughout the 1930s, BMW expanded its range into sports cars and larger luxury cars.[9][10]
Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW’s main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on the BMW 801 aircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers.[11] These consisted primarily of prisoners from Nazi concentration camps, most prominently Dachau. Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether.
BMW’s factories were heavily bombed during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. Again, the company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the BMW 501 luxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper Isetta microcar under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars, meant BMW was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz.[12][13]
A large investment in BMW by Herbert Quandt and Harald Quandt resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity. G├╝nther Quandt was a well-known German industrialist and joined the Nazi party in 1933; he made a fortune arming the German Wehrmacht, manufacturing weapons and batteries.[14] Many of his enterprises were appropriated from Jewish owners under duress with minimal compensation. At least three of his enterprises made extensive use of slave laborers, as many as 50,000 in all.[15] One of his battery factories had its own on-site concentration camp, complete with gallows. Life expectancy for laborers was six months.[15][16] While Quandt and BMW were not directly connected during the war, funds amassed in the Nazi era by his father allowed Herbert Quandt to buy BMW.[11]
The relative success of the small BMW 700 assisted in the company’s recovery, allowing them to develop the New Class sedans.
рдХреЛрдИ рднреА рдЬреЗрдЯ рдПрдпрд░рдХреНрд░рд╛рдлреНрдЯ рдЕрдЧрд░ рд╕рд╛рдЙрдВрдб рдХреА рд╕реНрдкреАрдб рд╕реЗ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рдЪрд▓ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рддреЛ рдХреБрдЫ рдРрд╕реА рд╕реА рдЖрд╡рд╛рдЬ рдЖрддреА рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдпрд╣ рдЖрд╡рд╛рдЬ рдЗрддрдиреА рддреЗрдЬ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ 10 рдХрд┐.рдореА. рд╕реЗ рднреА рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рджреВрд░реА рдкрд░ рдЦрдбрд╝реЗ рд╣реБрдП рдЖрджрдореА рдХреЛ рдЕрдЪреНрдЫреЗ рд╕реЗ рд╕реБрдирд╛рдИ рджреЗрддреА рд╣реИред рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕ рдЖрд╡рд╛рдЬ рдХреЛ рдХрд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рд╕реЛрдирд┐рдХ рдмреВрдоред рдкрд░ рдЬрдм рдЗрддрдиреА рддреЗрдЬ рдЖрд╡рд╛рдЬ 10 рдХрд┐.рдореА. рджреВрд░ рдЦрдбрд╝реЗ рдЖрджрдореА рдХреЛ рдЖ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИ рддреЛ рдкрд╛рдпрд░реЗрдЯ рдХреЛ рдпреЗ рдЖрд╡рд╛рдЬ рдХрд┐рддрдиреА рдЬреЛрд░ рд╕реЗ рдЖрддреА рд╣реЛрдЧреАред рдЬрдм рдХреЛрдИ рднреА рдСрдмреНрдЬреЗрдХреНрдЯ рд╕рд╛рдЙрдВрдб рд╕реЗ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рджрд╛ рдХреА рд╕реНрдкреАрдб рдкрд░ рдЯреНрд░реИрд╡рд▓ рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рддреЛ рдРрд╕реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЬреЗрдЯ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рдордиреЗ рдЖрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рдЬреЛ рд╡реЗрд╡реНрд╕ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИрдВ рд╡реЛ рдПрдХ рджреВрд╕рд░реЗ рдХреЗ рдКрдкрд░ рдРрдб рд╣реЛрдиреЗ рд▓рдЧрддреА рд╣реИрдВ рдФрд░ рд╕реЛрдирд┐рдХ рдмреВрдо рдкреНрд░реЛрдбреНрдпреВрд╕ рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИрдВред рдпреВрдЬреБрдЕрд▓реА рдЬреЛ рд╕реЛрдирд┐рдХ рдмреВрдо рджрд┐рдЦрд╛рдИ рджреЗрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рд╡реЛ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рднреА рдЬреЗрдЯ рдХреЗ рдкреАрдЫреЗ рдХреЛрдирд┐рдХрд╛ рд╢реЗрдк рдХрд╛ рджрд┐рдЦрд╛рдИ рджреЗрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдПрдХреНрдЪреБрдЕрд▓реА рдпреЗ рдПрдХ рд╡реЗрдкрд░ рдХреЛрд╕ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдЬреЛ рдХрд┐ рдПрдпрд░рдХреНрд░рд╛рдлреНрдЯ рдХреЗ рд╕реБрдкрд░ рд╕реЛрдирд┐рдХ рд╕реНрдкреАрдб рдкрд░ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рд╡рдЬрд╣ рд╕реЗ рдЬреЛ рдПрдпрд░ рдбрд┐рд╕реНрдЯрд░рдмреЗрдВрд╕ рдкреИрджрд╛ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рд╡рдЬрд╣ рд╕реЗ рдмрдирддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рд╕реЛрдирд┐рдХ рдмреВрдо рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдЙрдВрдб рдмрд╣реБрдд рддреЗрдЬ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред
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