Need advice on wheel and/or tire replacement

Hello everyone,
I recently decided to do a tour in Denmark with my friend and picked up my old Centurion Cross Line 50. I changed the brakes, gear shifters, bought a pannier rack and all. But my front tire keeps getting punctured. I patched it twice, but it got punctured again—each time on the outer side of the inner tube. I don’t feel anything sharp inside the tire that could be causing it.

At first, I thought the problem was the inner tube itself—it was who knows how old. But the new one also got the same type of puncture after just a 20 km ride.

I’m not exactly sure what the issue is, but I keep thinking it might be the wheel or the tire. There was a liner between the spokes and the inner tube, but it seems pretty worn out.

If I need a new wheel or tire, I honestly don’t know what to buy. Any suggestions would be really appreciated—I'm still a beginner. Thank you!