Intro: 00:00
What is a bioindicator species?: 00:19
The importance of bioindicator species: 00:42
How can it be measured?: 01:18
Corixidae: 01:46
Why Corixidae?: 02:21
Rutland Site: 02:40
Lagoon layout: 03:40
Sampling method: 04:32
Identification: 05:27
Results: 06:00
What does all of this mean?: 08:02
Outro: 09:46
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Images are referenced throughout!
Hi my name is Sophie and today I’m going to be discussing aquatic invertebrates that is correct status on the screen right now and how they can use as measures of sight biodiversity or as bio biological indicators or bio indicators of water quality more specifically at the Lesser Wildlife trust site at
Rutland but first what is a bio-indicator 2014 defines a bio-indicated species as a species that when present or burn it can show the quality of an ecosystem writing invertebrates can do this in freshwater habitats for example the corrects a day or water boatman or the larvae of all these missions on the
Screen now can show a good water quality but why is this important to know freshwater ecosystems are not doing so good I mean just look at all the stats on the side here a lot of things are in decline or things are just not up to ecological status which isn’t good it
Can be due to many reasons but uh invasive non-native species is considered one of the worst at Rutland there’s also a big problem with sewage in 2021 alone uh the the sewage overflow went into Rutland 54 times for a total of 385 hours which obviously has effects to the environment which is why
Bio-indicated species are important to be monitored as it allows for a quick response time to any potential threats that may occur there are a few ways to measure the quality fresh water using aquatic invertebrates and growing all these Methods at Rutland a modified version of the bmwp score is used as a sniffing
Currently standard for such large bodies of fresh water uh Kravitz a day will score five on that scale meaning their average quality so in this study we’re going to be using a diversity indexes to in order to determine where is most diverse but what else is there to know
About the crooks Bay first off they were classified by leech in 1815. they’re in all of these taxonomic groups there’s over 100 species of aquatic or semi-aquatic chemical in the UK 37 of which are corrects a day and 12 being identified at Rutland they have piercing sucking mouth Parts much like the rest
Of hermitra and some species only uh plant soundly their front legs have scoop-shaped tarsity to help hook onto plants in order to stay underwater whereas their back legs are have hairs and are all shaped to help with swimming unlike their relatives the backswingers correct as they swim right side up
Instead of upside down we know that corrects a day score a bmwp score of five so why choose them for the study well it’s been proposed that some correct State species can survive in higher or lower acidity and or the amount of chloride and potassium in the
Water so this might be useful for detecting changes in the environment electrification now it’s time for fun facts about the Brooklyn site it’s a Memory Reservoir built in the 1970s in the smallest county in Britain when being created a nature reserve was put into the design work and that nature reserve can be
Found on the western side of the reservoir it covers 393 hectares eight lagoons and 23 smaller ponds as well as so many other important habitats if you were to walk around the whole thing including the peninsula that would be 24 miles and it at full capacity it
Can carry 124 million cubic meters of water that means because of its vast size Scandinavian birds that are migrating often see it and land at Rutland making it an Spa around star site and a triple SI there’s also been a lot of reintroduction projects at Rutland including Osprey and water bowls
There’s a healthy population of otters there and also over 250 aquatic invertebrate species found at Rutland because of this the water quality must be good to help support all of these important animals in the study lagoons 3 5 and the moon Reservoir were sampled for correct State
We take a look at this map of Rutland uh the arrows signify movement of water and you can see where the water treatment plant is and where the main reservoir pump is if we have a look at Lagoon 3 first it receives its water mainly from the water treatment plant which means
Even though it’s meant to be of good quality it often receives discharges from the water treatment plant of sewage making it more polluted uh Lagoon 5 was created along with Lagoon 6 7 and 8. it mainly receives water from rainfall and the main Reserve but can experience agricultural runoff the main reservoir
Receives its water from the river Neen and the river Welland these sample sites were chosen as both uh sewage and agricultural runoff have been shown to have adverse effects on the environment the method to collect regrets today is as follows three sets of samples are taken per location of around 20 sample
Locations per Lagoon or Reservoir making sure to include all the major habitat types such as re-bed emergent vegetation or Open Water you also have to remember to clean equipment between a reservoir or Lagoon to prevent the spread of disease or invasive non-native species each sample is taken by using a standard
Pond net and sweeping for three minutes within the water like my good friend Curtis is doing here the contents are then placed into a white tray for so you can see everything and with some of the Lagoon or Reservoir water in it and it can look like what’s in this video now
With this little cool new in it and now normally Rutland would just identify down to family level but in this case we were looking specifically for the quicks a day and in one minute you pick out all of the corrects a day and place them into a sample jar of glycerol in order
To preserve them for further identification in the lab correct survey much like many other insects have to be identified using a microscope but first off as they’re in a drug glycerol like in this image here they have to be washed up in water then using Savages key they’re split apart
Into males and females as normals are way easier to identify from there to ID the males you have to then find their genitals which can end up with bug parts everywhere like in this image but once you eventually locate them it should look like this under the microscope and which this can
Be used to identify them down to species level but now onto the good stuff the results over these bar charts were made in R Studio by your surely and it can be seen that Lagoon free has way less uh correctly in it than the main reservoir
Or looking five as well as Lagoon 3 only having three species present uh the main reservoir on the other hand has six species present and Lagoon 5 has seven species present uh pongchata is only found in Lagoon 5 whereas Fulani is the most common species across the board
When it comes to the diversity indexes let’s first start off with the Sharon’s index now a large value h means there’s a greater uncertainty of what species you’ll pick if you randomly select an organism from a community so a large value of H means there’s a greater diversity
We look above the greatest value can be seen in Lagoon 5 so Lagoon 5 is the most diverse whereas the green three has the smallest value making it the least diverse out of the three and next up The Simpsons index a value of zero means infinite diversity whereas a value of
One means no diversity so you’re aiming for a low value for more diversity so if we look above the boom 5 has the smallest value making it once again the most diverse whereas the game three has the greatest value making it the least diverse and with these these two the main
Reservoir has been in between and then with the burger pocket index if you have a great value D it means that the community is dominated more by the most uh common species so above looking free has the greatest value meaning it’s probably least diverse as uh it’s more
Dominated by the most common species which in this case is the full Leni uh then the other two are because they both also have learning in there but it’s just not as dominating uh finally the evenness score uh J values uh range from zero to one with
One meaning a higher level of evenness and lower values meaning that there’s one or few species dominating the community so if we look above they’ve all got quite similar values but they’re all quite high so that means they’ve probably got all uh really high evenness but similar qualities
I know the question that’s burning in everyone’s Minds is what does all this mean well Lagoon free is the worst in terms of diversity for curriculate and also has reduced numbers of corrects a day in comparison to the green five and the moon Reservoir this is most likely
Due to the amount of sewage that Lagoon 3 receives from the water treatment plant which increases the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen in the water as long as well as many other chemicals as Fulani prosuter and Wallace Tony are found in Lagoon free uh they are probably the more tolerant species of
Sewage than the rest of the species that were identified Talia town in 1991 found that prosuto was associated with high potassium levels which helped supports this idea that Lagoon free is the most polluted but also that the main reservoir may have high pollution potassium levels as prosutra is the third most common
Species there the group five uh we said at the start had agricultural runoff but it may not be subjected that much as there wasn’t a reduction in numbers nor a large population or procedure which you would think would occur because of the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen that are often found in agricultural
Products Toyota also found that the distincter species was closely related with high diversity which none of the sites had had the species in which quantity in addition to the fact that the overall quality of Rutland like the ecological status is moderate it probably means the whole site needs to be improved more
Than it already is finally if you want to continue further more correct State studies should be done alongside uh like caking a water quality test if it’s done every year then you’ll get a grasp of how much of the correctly species change depending on the amount of like
Phosphorus or nitrogen in the water thanks for watching you can find all the references on the screen right now if you’re interested be sure to check out the Brooklyn website or even visit or even volunteer to help out with projects such as this one uh goodbye