“What key actions can local authorities take to decarbonise?
This session will provide insights and actions from the soon-to-be-launched Council Climate Action Scorecards, the first ever assessment of climate action across every function of a local authority.”
Isaac Beevor, Co-Director, Climate Emergency UK
Okay so our first how-to is how to decarbonize your council with Isaac bore so Isaac started work in the local climate policy in Metro Vancouver managing volunteers and working on campaigns to support Vancouver’s low emission buildings policy and introducing an annual measuring and Reporting System across Metro Vancouver
Now he is the co-director of climate emergency UK where he Co wrote the climate action plan checklist and helped to lead the council climate plan scorecards and now the action scorecards this is the first UK wide assessment of local authorities climate action plans and methods of action Isaac will be
Sharing these practical tools with you in his session so Isaac over to you amazing and thank you so much for that uh introduction um I really appreciate it and um I’m really um happy to be here today um I’ve just got some slides for the session so I’m going to
Be uh sharing my screen um I’m just gonna do that now ohol and it’s amazing to speak to such a an international crowd as well um often when you work in the local Authority space and Council space um you talk to people from across the UK but
It’s great to be speaking to people from um across across the world great so I’m going to start the slideshow just let it load brilliant so yeah I’m going to be talking about how to decarbonize your Council obviously this will be particularly from a UK perspective but often um from my
Knowledge of Metro Vancouver and working in the local um climate sector there um it’s often that city councils across the world are actually taking very similar actions from um decarbonizing their homes um instituting better um and higher efficient building regulations to to trying to move people towards um
Active travel instead of personal car use um I also um and I’ll just flick on to the next slide I’ll also be talking a little bit about um climate emergency UK obviously who we are um and more about the council climate action um scorecards which is our project which we are about
To launch tomorrow um hopefully from this you’ll understand the importance of council climate action as well and know um some of the top prior actions for Council to take to design uh the next there a world that we’re all trying to um move towards so um climate emergency UK just
Our ethos and history um we are climate emergency UK we’re here to equip the council climate movement with the information and guidance needed for structural change and accelerate the work of local campaigns for climate action and we really see ourselves as sitting um between kind of communities and campaigners and councils and we’re
Kind of like a foot in both camps helping to support both because we need both communities and campaigners to be driving forward action but also councils to be taking that forward as well um we started about four years ago um and we collated the climate emergency declarations from all UK councils in the
UK um we then moved on to create the climate action plan checklist um assess all UK councils climate action plans which we released in January 2022 and what I’m about to talk about a little bit more um is the council climate action scorecards which as I’ve said is due to be launched
Tomorrow so what uh why are local authorities though so uniquely placed to decarbonize um our communities so 83% of UK councils have decur a climate emergency since 2019 um and we and we love that political commitment that’s been made by UK councils um we also know that the climate change committee has
Said that local authorities have powers or influence over third of emissions in their locality and with actually some estimations putting it far higher so council is a uniquely placed um to drive down emissions within their area and we also know Chris Skidmore um who wrote The Net Zero review pointed out there is
Plenty of regional local and Community will to act on Net Zero but often National governments get in the way and that’s true um from my experience in in Metro Vancouver with sometimes the lack of power the lack of funding the lack of resource and capacity which um often
Comes down from National or Regional governments is one of the major problems um across the world so and I’ve mentioned this a couple of times we’re very excited for the launch which is why I’ve mentioned it but the council climate action scorecards will launch on Wednesday the
18th of October and this is a screenshot of what the data will uh look like it’s not real data this is taken from our plan scorecards and um in so in January 2022 we we released the plan scorecards which was the first ever assessment of council’s climate plans and what we did
We didn’t just assess we we assessed not just like the next Z targets but also whether they cover things like equality and diversity in their plans whether they’re reaching out um to communities who are most going to be affected by um by climate change um we also um covered
Whether they uh linked the plan to other documents such as the local plan whether they committed to update their corporate plan and which is their like some of their key documents and whether and the governance of their plan in terms of their measuring and Reporting was also mentioned as well all of that
Information is online at Council climate scorec cards. um but tomorrow and what uh we are launching the action scorecards um and that is as the first ever UK wide assessment of council climate action just to say a little bit more about the project um it’s been a
Really long 18mon project which is why we’re so excited for tomorrow um so it started off creating the methodology um this hasn’t um been done before so we created the methodology through research and development obviously we talked to over 90 people and organizations across the UK in that six-month period and we
Also had an Advisory Group that represented the sector and that included excuse me um two Council officers some counselors campaigners former volunteers and um one representative from Ashton and the Scottish Improvement service um it it so then we launched and published our finalized uh we launched and published our methodology for the
Scorecards in November and then we moved into the actual marking process and what’s unique about the scorecards is it’s one of the largest climate citizen data projects that we know of um we’d love to find out if there’s stuff that’s bigger but um it’s one of the largest
That we know um so we um the scorecards itself they come from three different main data areas so one of the ways we collect data is from freedom information requests which are legally binding request that you can send to councils to together information and we sent those in January
2023 um the other way we get data is from National Data whether that’s Campa National campaigning organization such as 20 is plenty um or uh which is um Cates information on the local authorities that have made 20 miles an hour um the default speed limit um or the national government data and the
Other way we get data is through volunteer research so 2third of our 90 questions are actually covered by um volunteer um research and we always so excited um that we have so many volunteers get into what can be quite the unsexy topic of local climate action um and so in fact
We had over 200 volunteers get involved in the first marking period in February March this year and which was really incredible and they 15 of those helped process the 4,000 of freedom information requests we sent out to councils um and the other 200 were colting around the
20,000 data points for that uh that is the volunteer um that is the questions answered by volunteer research what’s unique about this project as well is we engage councilors quite a lot so we send the councils their first Mark with a chance to respond that’s the right of
Reply period and this year we had an incredible response rate with 74% of UK councils responding in the right of reply so almost three qus of UK councils actually responding um and that’s double the number that responded in the plan scorecards and then because we know
Having such a large team of people um collect the information in the first place and take into account the right of reply we go through a scoring audit process um that’s with a much smaller team of experienced volunteers um who Auditors who are retrained and they
Award the first Mark based on the right of reply and based on the right of reply and that first Mark so they award the final Mark and then we’re launching the scorecards project tomorrow so a little bit about our methodology um what’s great again about the uh action scorecards is we don’t
Just cover specific areas we don’t just cover the two main areas like transport and Billings and heatings um but we cover things like governance and finance so do um does the council have an elected member that is responsible for climate change um have they embedded it in their procurement strategy or their
Corporate plan which is one of their main documents um have they introduced some of these um actions into their local plan um you know are they approving new solar um uh new solar wind or renewable energy developments while or or are they also approving you know new oil coal or gas which would
Obviously have a detrimental impact and we go through so from bildings and heatings transport all the way down to biodiversity and collaboration engagement as well so we’re assessing across every area of the council’s function which is why we’re so excited to be releasing this data um we know
That um so our methodology covers those seven sections which has a total of 91 questions um that we know those that those are actions that councils can take and we know that if councils were to do all of those actions that they’d be making good progress towards net zero
We’re not obviously able to capture every single action that a council can take and we know that um when council’s introduced individual things they’ll have to make it applicable to their area and how and how their area is and how it works um but we do know that if if a
Council is taking a majority of actions they’ll be making really good progress towards net zero Co I can share some uh PR like results um uh with you today so that’s really exciting these are just the average scores for the different kind of list that we have in across um um across
The UK so in the UK local government can be a little confusing because we have different types of local government um that range across like similar Powers so we have single tier authorities which is known as like English unites Metropolitan districts Scottish Welsh councils that broadly have the same
Powers um their average score was 35% um and their range was from 9% right up to 62% um with the highest score for single tier a district council you then move into the two tier authorities district councils and County councils um so their average scores 29% 35% with the range
You can see there again range from around 8 to 61 or 12 to 53% um northern irelands we pull out as a separate uh list to assess um because um they have far different um range of powers like far less powers in for Northern Ison districts and you can see the average
Score of Northern Ison was 21% and then combined authorities that’s the English maror authorities as well and their R uh I’m just going to move that screen um and their um average score is 46% again ranging from 8 to 65 um yeah just to um yeah so there the
Results shown you can see that councils are scoring generally low um on on this area and we do know that councils need to do more to move towards Net Zero and later in the session I’m going to cover some of those actions they can take so while Council has scored low overall
Some have scored high in certain sections so just to reaffirm as well so only 41 UK councils scored over 50% in our in the first ever Council climate action scorecards and but some councils were able to score over 80% in certain sections and that includes builds and healings collaboration engagement race
Reduction food and planning and land use and I think there’s one Council who’s actually um managed to get uh 100% score in one of their sections um so you can see that while Council score low overall they actually have scored highly um within certain sections so I’m actually going to move
On now um to I wonder I’m really sorry Remy I don’t there’s I’m really struggling to see like the live chat and stuff is there any questions on the scorecards at all that I could maybe take now or I can move on to the actions
Off H let me add a quick look no problem thank you no questions have come through yet but I’ll keep an eye and I’ll colate them at the end if any come yeah perfect okay perfect thank you so much yes so moving on to what actions can councils
Take and I’m going to go through this by um different by the different sections that we uh have so obviously buildings and heatings that’s the area that is the largest source of emissions within a council’s area um and retrofitting homes is obviously the biggest thing that is
Needed here um UK homes are some of the worst insulated in Europe and we had an exclusive in the financial times which is there from our foi responses that show Council homes have a long way to go to being energy efficient uh we found that only 48% of councils in England
Wales and Scotland and Norther L that have Council homes have more than their Council owned homes with an EPC rate EPC rating of C or above so that’s only 48% of councils um that have their Council homes with an EPC rating of C above um EPC ratings of the energy performance
Certificate so the Energy Efficiency of those homes and so if you get C above it’s fairly energy efficient which means you’ll have a warmer home lower bills for the resident and to to see that only 48% of those councils um were able to achieve that um at this time shows there’s kind
Of like a postcode lottery for where um Council homes are warm and efficient however we know that retrofiting homes like cost a lot of money and without adequate levels of funding um from the national government councils can Su Us holdo by the scale of the challenge but there are really important steps that
Council can take to support lower emission homes locally that don’t doesn’t cost as much so these actions include providing advice to homeowners on how to retrofit some councils are setting up like uh specialist advice centers that their residents can call supporting homeowners to use renewable energy in their homes through collected
Buying schemes so that’s like having an areawide buying scheme so the cost of the solar panels is less um and enforcing the minimum Energy Efficiency standard which is M um in the UK um in England so so we have a minimum Energy Efficiency standard for housing um and
Despite its low level for that standard um councils can enforce that standard and make sure that any homes that are below that standard then then meet the requirements um and what we’ve been able to see is actually not many councils are enforcing that standard yet and it’s
Really important um from um you know from a health perspective from an equality perspective and from an emissions perspective that they do cool going moving on to trans sport um this is a picture from one of my favorite pieces that cated the research that had been done on the actions that
Councils can take in transport and um um and basically it came forward that obviously less car use and more public transport more active travel more walking and cycling is what is needed to mitigate climate change and adapt to a lower carbon way of living um yeah the
Picture on the slides from RE research article on the most effective ways to reduce car use and therefore emissions and you can actually see from uh um three of the top five um actions to take relate to removing free parking um and that is totally within the remit of
Councils and while it could be uh politically difficult to remove free parking in different areas it’s actually one of the most effective ways to discourage um short trips taken by cars so it is one of the lower cost effective actions Council can take um and that’s to implement like fee paying parking
Permits to implement uh paid parking in in say car Parks um across their burrow that people use to access um businesses and as I said it’s one of the key actions disguise short trips by driving and actively encourages short trips being taken by walk-in cycling public transport and of course what
Councils can then do with the revenue raised from those parking and councils can reinvest that directly in active travel or public transport infrastructure one of the best um schemes that we had in the UK um is um in Nottingham City Council um since for the last 10 years I think
Just over Nottingham have had a workplace parking Levy and you can see that’s number five on this list and what that does is it introduces paid parking for people at businesses over with over 10 parking spots and over the course of that 10 years they’ve seen congestion go
Down at peak times they’ve seen the number of people using public transport go up and what they’ve able to do because they ra have raised over 90 million is using that money to reinvest into sustainable transport across the city and then they’ve also secured inward investment of over a billion
Pounds in transport so they’ve they’ve said like to the government to private business and people like that we’re raising uh 10 million pounds a year or there or thereabouts um what can you give us so that we can like drive forward better action and at a time when
Council budgets in the UK for the last decade have been on fairly cut being able to create Revenue that also drives climate action and for climate action is essential cool and this is actually my favorite topic we’re planning and it is very related to design um so what actions can
Councils take in planning and land use um you know building a local in future is something councils um that are planning authories have the power to do and it sometimes if only the power planning inspect would actually allow them so there are some pioneering councils in the UK and actually across
The world including Vancouver um that bar North Somerset Merton Cornwall Central Lincoln sheare that go beyond the UK building regulations and their local plans to push for Net Zero um for operational missions of uh new builds and that makes a huge difference to um housing emissions it means any new build
Housing um is uh going to be energy efficient it’s going to run on clean energy and it’s therefore going to have a reduction emissions but also be better for residents as well and it also crucially Cuts any retrofit bill that we are going to have to have in the future
To make sure our housing stock gets um to Net Zero the problem is is one of the major blockers here is actually the plan inspectorate um so their inconsistent decisions have meant that similar Net Zero policies for new builds in Lancaster City Council Greater Manchester combin Authority and West
Oire actually currently blocked because the planning inspector in certain areas are saying they don’t have the power but actually in bar and Northeast Somerset Central Lincoln share and Cornwall they’re saying they did have the power and so um we had a article published in the local government Chronicle calling
That out with the inconsistent climate decisions I also want to give a shout out to the kind of like overall design um that councils can have as well and especially for 15-minute neighborhoods or 20- minute communities um the UK government has actually insisted in the last few weeks on pedling conspiracy
Theories that somehow it’s um council’s trying to lock down people but it’s absolutely not the case um what 15-minute communities are is they’re looking at placing the daily needs of residents within a 15-minute walk or cycle so that could be having grocery shops schools um your local doctors um
Anything else that you need to live within a 15minute walk or cycle and it creates strong connected and low emission neighborhoods and it’s one of the most um effective things that councils longterm can do to create Net Zero World moving swiftly on I know I’m covering quite a lot in a short amount
Of time but I do want to get to some time with questions um what actions can councils take in governance and finance um in this section we have a lot of questions about whether councilors have integrated their Net Zero targets into the rest of their Council work so put
Simply there’s no point having a net zero date if none of the council’s overall strategies or financial plans put the climate emergency at the heart of them two and this includes their procurement strategy um which many councils have said they will review to take climate action seriously and one
The key things they can do with procurement is obviously asking the businesses that they buy asking their suppliers for their climate action plans and they can ask for what action they’ve taken to reduce emissions from their the business’s supply chain or directly and obviously they can add weight within the
Procurement process to for carbon emissions or biodiversity improvements and if they take that seriously in the application process if they take that seriously um throughout the scope of the contracts it’s one of the ways that councils can drive um a huge change not just in their area but potentially
Across um the country and across across the world as well um councils have huge purching power in the UK because there are almost 400 of them um and they’re each buying you know goods and services and if they Implement um um uh climate action into their procurement strategies
Is one of the ways they can take the most effective action so um from from governing documents to something that’s actually very practical and essential for living uh food um this is just one example from our waste reduction food section um but councils do have input um sometimes more
Directly than others into school meals um and you know the example we had is from this section is about reducing meat in school meals um we know that meat consumption is a huge contributor to carbon emissions and we know in a low carbon World we’ll need to eat less meat
Um and moving towards a plant-based diet can even um help move towards food Security in the UK there is National legislation in the UK that requires schools and councils to provide at least three meals with meat each week but that means there’s still scope for councils to provide one or two
Completely vegetarian days a week in their school meals and just and from our research and looking at um campaigns like proed who work with schools to introduce more vegetarian foods we know that some councils are doing this and you know when our scorecard uh come out tomorrow you’ll be able to see which
Councils are providing a completely Vegetarian Day and the structural impact again is huge and this is just like very rough numbers just to show the scale but if you were to have 39 weeks um or so that’ be 39 completely vegetarian days across like uh 50 schools and with 300
People’s eating them that’s you know half a million meat free meals just for maybe one particular local Authority area and this can be done by counc is requiring their contractors to provide one completely vegetarian day a week or if they still have more control of their schools and working with the council
Inhouse Caterers to do so I’ve just got a couple of sections left so biodiversity and then collaboration engagement thank you for staying with me what actions can councils take to improve biodiversity um it um we always sorry to pull out when counsels uh actually quite good scheme
Goes slightly wrong um but it’s a really important Point um so sorry for anyone who is joining us from glester or gler Sho um but one of the key actors in mitigation and adaptation in biodiversity but also improving biodiversity will obviously be um increasing forestry cover in the UK
We’re one of the least forested nations in Europe and and actually in the world um an increas in tree cover would improve biodiversity help reduce the urban heat effect and in some areas it would help mitigate flooding as well but the conversation has been dominated by
How many numbers of trees can be planted with no thought to how many trees are lost every year no thought to if the right tree is planted in the right place um and sometimes no thought to after care after they planted them so it’s key that councils don’t just have a goal to
Plant more trees but actually have a Target to increase tree cover and that’s the key thing that’s going to drive forward change so a Target like this would include the need to prever preserve existing tree covers so existing trees it would um include growing the right trees in the right
Place allow that for natural regeneration of forest and have a plan of how to manage and support the trees as they grow over time so we would love to see councils aiming to Double Tree cover by 2030 um and that would be a really good place to start and we also
Can’t stress the importance of Good Tree Management including the watering of newly planted trees which is crucial to their survival um unfortunately climate change is going to make Summers um hotter and drier in the UK well sometimes actually wetter but in shorter um bursts and so actually uh drier periods
So unfortunately during the heat wave in um 2022 one counts actually lost 12,000 newly planted trees um which is a double hit of the climate crisis like already affecting some of the actions that councils are trying to take but also exemplifying the need for our climate
Action um to be adjusted to the already changing climate as well and moving on to um collaboration engagement which is the final section um and obviously this is not such like a practical example of a council taking adaptational mitigation action but it’s a way of working to carry out all those
Actions and it’s really important that obviously we bring uh communities and residents with us on this uh journey of change to a net zero world and it’s more important than ever that councils engage consult and work with residents to implement these changes um so the image on the slide is
Actually um the image that’s been adopted by disability activists and campaigners across uh the UK I think is actually really appropriate um for how to just generally do good collaboration engagement with communities so that includes proper consultation especially with those most affected by those changes and by the impacts of climate
Change as well um and they must be able to engage with proposed changes and not feel like decisions are being forced upon communities um you know for example when taking actions to reduce Road pollution such as implementing a School Street which is a common project across land buyers nor County counsil others
You know you want want to ensure that residents of those streets um school children parents of the local schools involved in any of those proposals um because most people while they might drive are also pedestrians and would benefit from clean air near schools as well so if councils are laying out their
The co- benefits of schemes if they’re laying at so you know it’s a reduction air quality a reduction in emissions it’s a reduction it’s an improvement in that to travel if they’re laying out those co- benefits but also working closely with communities to consult and engage them then hopefully we can um
Move faster but also move equitably to a uh Net Zero World cool um I know I’ve covered a real Whirlwind of um uh action um and and things across the UK um I know I didn’t have like loads of time but um we’ve got some time for questions as well um just
To reiterate um you know we have 91 questions which relate to 91 actions that councils can take some actions are easy to implement in some councils than others which is why it’s so important for councils to play to their strengths and have a good climate action plan and
A strong climate action plan um and we’d love um if people were able to use the scorecards which are going to be launched tomorrow um and the information we provide to work more effectively on these issues and so yes so thanks for listening do keep an eye for the
Scorecards release and happy to implement answer sorry any questions um the one thing I will say I can’t answer any questions about individual Council scores because that’s secret until the results come out tomorrow cool thanks so much thank you so much for that Isaac that was um excellent and Incredibly
Informative um I have looked at the Q&A section and we’ve got a few great questions out come through so I’m going to jump right into that so one great question that’s come in is some actions might have a negative impact on communities EG poor families who rely on free parking for days out
How do you balance actions to build a low carbon future versus supporting marginalized communities yeah 100% so there’s definitely things that councils can do um uh that to mitigate against some of that things so for example like when you the ultr mission Zone was expand in London um the mayor sik Khan
Um put forward a um a scrappage scheme so anyone that was being affected um could for example um put forward and get money back towards if wanted toy need to buy a new car um in the West Midlands when they had a um ultr Mission Zone introduced as well in Birmingham their
Scrappage scheme also allowed people to put get money towards um um public transport so you got like a big amount I think it was around ,000 that you could then put forward towards public transport but actually the key thing here to remember is is the poorest
People in the UK do not do do not often own cars um in London in in the B of leam and sok where I am it’s around 50% of people in in these areas do not own cars and often that is correlated with um people that do not have the highest
Income and so by uh removing cars and improving public transport you are directly helping the poorest people and what you can then do for those that do have cars and need to make the switch or need to change their uh travel you can help mitigate some of those actions um
By implementing uh schemes such as the one with udes like scrappage schemes so support for people to change their car to a new electric vehicle or um um or um for using it for public transport credits so um yeah there are definitely actions that councils can take to do
That and it’s really important to do that but for on car use one of the most important things is that often the poorest households don’t actually own cars okay no that’s understandable um fair enough okay we’ll jump on to the next question time’s running out uh next one
Is as a graphic designer can I use the climate scorecards on my work or use in a client project or is it just for councils yeah um we would encourage anyone to use the scorecards they felt they wanted to um often we’ve known that um uh people academics have used the
Scorecards to do research on it um environmental Consultants have used the scorecards to approach councils um we known that um different organizations have used the schore um such as the green Finance Institute used the scorecards to look at council’s different commitments in their climate action plans and therefore work with
Some of those councils and to implement like green bonds and so if you think there’s a way for you to use the scorecards then yeah please go ahead and use them and they’re they’re there and they’re open and free um free for for use so please um go ahead and use them
However you think um you could okay great can you remind us how or where we can access these yes so it is on our website Council climate scorecards and I can Chuck that in the live chat now I should have great that’ be helpful uh yeah there you go um yeah
Councel score. and from Tomorrow the scores will be publicly available for anyone to use and um look at excellent thanks for that Isaac uh one last question we’ll do uh let’s see how do you mitigate against the whataboutism that comes up every time someone mentions that we need fewer cars in cities
Yeah that’s that’s a really good question uh it is really I think yeah that’s a really good question this a tough one isn’t it yeah there’s there’s a lot the thing is there’s a lot of good that firstly this is what the one of the most effective things of the
Scorecards is being able to show where councils are taking best practice action and therefore real examples you can point to often um and I’ve seen it when I was living in Vancouver and I’ve seen it when I um in councils across the UK and individual campaign and in this
People will go oh no we can’t do this what about this what about that and if you can go well that Council there has done it and these are the these are the impacts and this is the effect it had like the positive effect this is potentially some of the negative effects
It had but the way to M mitigate against those negative effects X Y or Z that’s one of the most effective ways to convince councils kind of one of our kind of theories of change around the scorecards is that if you can show councils like which councils are taking
Some of that best practice action but also providing the accountability for those councils that aren’t residents communities counselors officers can go okay like this is some of the most effective action we can take um and this council is doing it and therefore we can kind of understand from that that
Council taking that action like what the impacts are what we can do to mitigate any um negative impacts and so probably one of the most effective ways you can um um challenge that whataboutism is by looking at um other councils um other areas that have taken similar action and
Using that as a guide and as a basis to be like this is the impact it’s going to have this is what we know is going to um going to happen and this is how we can mitigate any of the negative effects and hopefully the scorecards can prove
Really useful for people um to do that yeah yeah no I don’t doubt that they um that they will um very excited to use them myself on some of my project so cool that’s great thank you okay uh how much time do we have on this call I
Think there’s only a couple of minutes so maybe one really quick answer but yeah okay um hopefully this will be a good quick one what Alternative forms of financing do you recommend for councils to take in a period where Financial Provisions are becoming increasingly difficult I know you mentioned something
About um a community buying scheme that enables the solar panels to be a bit cheaper yeah yes so um there’d be two things so there’s that that way of driving forward change so that’s for residents that obviously do have the income to be able to um afford new solar
Panels but things like uh um uh Collective buying schemes that are run um even in my hometown of Lon across Bedford cheer um where they sent out information to people to be like to sign up to register and then they have an auction and the best people can um the
Best uh prices then go forward and people can save money on institutions there um in ch and renewable energy schemes there as well one of the um other ways is through green bonds which is actually green Finance Institute would be the best people to look at and
It’s one of the questions in our scorecards um councils can actually raise money through going out there with a green Bond where people can invest amounts of money and they get Returns on the income and the council uses that pot of funding to drive forwards decarbonization in their area and I
Think I’ve just finished in time okay great thank you thank you so much um so we’ll be moving on to the next talk shortly but um yes just one big last thank you to you Isaac that was incredibly informative and um yeah thanks for the excellent questions guys