Quelles sont les découvertes du rover sur Mars ? | Documentaire – AT

Plongez dans la mission de Persévérance, le rover de la NASA qui explore Mars pour percer les mystères de la planète rouge. À travers une technologie de pointe, cette mission cherche à savoir si Mars a un jour accueilli la vie et si des signes de vie existent encore aujourd’hui.

👉 Pour plus de documentaires fascinants sur l’espace et les mystères de l’univers, abonnez-vous 👉 http://bit.ly/3y6oXR3

Ce documentaire vous plonge au cœur de cette aventure scientifique où chaque étape de l’exploration martienne est un défi. Découvrez l’atterrissage délicat du rover, les instruments à bord, et les étapes de la collecte d’échantillons. Un voyage fascinant à la découverte de l’inconnu, avec l’objectif de comprendre si la vie a pu exister sur Mars et comment cette mission pourrait changer notre vision de l’univers.

00:00 – Introduction au lancement du rover Persévérance
03:41 – Le défi de l’atterrissage sur Mars
05:06 – Histoire de l’exploration de Mars
06:58 – Conception et technologie de Persévérance
13:10 – Opérations de la mission et défis
19:17 – Objectifs scientifiques et résultats
28:12 – La recherche de la vie sur Mars
34:39 – Collecte et retour d’échantillons
43:01 – Futures missions humaines vers Mars
47:27 – Implications des résultats

“Une année sur Mars avec Persévérance”
Un documentaire de Alain Tixier
© Arte

#perseverance #mars #espace #exploration #nasa #rover #missionmartienne #technologie #astronomie #scientifiques

When the heart stops, the whole
body stops functioning. Every year,
millions of people around the world die from heart failure. What if tomorrow, this was no
longer inevitable? How can we diagnose better to
treat better and ensure that no patient is forgotten? How can we operate on the heart differently,
without after-effects for patients? How can we give hope to those waiting for a transplant using a machine? These are the challenges that
women and men who mend hearts have set for themselves. Let’s follow these doctors and researchers
on the path to innovation. Let us follow the scouts of healing. In the Netherlands, a cardiologist has been fighting
for years to better diagnose a category of patients too often
overlooked: women. My name is Angela Mas. I am a professor of
women’s cardiology at Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The whole goal of my work
is to improve cardiology care for women. I am a feminist,
a cardio feminist. Give a round
of applause for Angela Mas. We learned medicine
from the male perspective. Women do not fit this
model that we have developed. There are many differences
between men and women when it comes to cardiology. Often, women’s symptoms are
misunderstood and we don’t have clear answers to give them. This is what I want to change. This is the goal I set for myself. When I was a young cardiologist in
1991, a woman got angry with me. She was really furious and
said to me: But why do n’t you understand my symptoms? Give me a clear answer.
What is my problem? And my only answer was: I don’t know. Actually, this woman woke me up. I realized
that if I continued to ignore the issues facing women
for the next 30 years of my career, I would fail
as a cardiologist. Ten years later, I opened my
own women’s practice. We started and it
grew a lot. And I have to say that what I learned,
I learned by listening to my patients. Did it take a long time for
you to be diagnosed with these coronary spasms? Yes, more than two years. Two years? Did you have any symptoms? What did your cardiologist tell you
about what was happening to you? I had had two heart attacks,
but there was no arterial obstruction. No shrinkage?
No, no shrinkage. And this has been demonstrated with a test? No, no, no. It was more like There is no
narrowing, but we will still give you this medicine. Except the symptoms persisted. What I’ve learned from the patients I
see, and I only see women, is that they are generally frustrated
and disillusioned with not being taken seriously. They often suffer from symptoms
for years, sometimes for 5, 6, 7 years. They saw
different cardiologists and often ended up in the emergency room
with chest pains. And
they are often desperate because they cannot
endure this any longer. They want to know what’s
wrong and how it can be fixed. How long
have you had these symptoms? I had very mild symptoms for
four years, until it got worse and I was hospitalized. Chest pain too? Yes, chest pains
and extreme fatigue. I could feel very tired
at completely odd times. Yes. So, I had some tests done, but they
didn’t reveal any vascular problems. So they said it was
probably a takotsubo. Broken heart syndrome? Yes, that’s it. A kind of heart attack
linked to a stressful event. Except it has nothing to do
with the condition of the arteries. I think in their eyes
it was the psychological order. That was in your head?
Yes. Did you feel taken seriously? No. Cardiology has for
many years focused on diseases related to the obstruction of arteries. And
the problem is, most
middle-aged women don’t have obstructions. They have spasms. 75% of men with heart disease suffer
from obstruction of the coronary arteries. With age and risk factors
like cholesterol, the arteries in their hearts gradually become
clogged with fatty substances. When the blood stops circulating,
it’s a heart attack. The only solution: operate to unblock it. Only 10% of women
suffer from this pathology. Their arteries don’t move,
they contract. These are called
coronary spasms, which surgery cannot treat. With conventional tests,
you cannot detect these spasms. A specific test is required. And this is precisely the test that my colleagues and I have been
carrying out for years . See you
soon. Bye. To detect these spasms,
Angela’s team inserted a catheter into one of the arteries in
the patient’s arm and into her heart, where they injected a solution that
can cause spasms. If the patient is prone to them,
they will inevitably be triggered. The team prepares and monitors
the entire procedure using medical imaging. You
can have spasms in the large coronary arteries, but also
in the microvessels, or even both. And
where your symptoms are coming from is what will determine which treatment
is best for you. It is therefore essential to locate
where the problem comes from. Hello everyone. Today, I would like us to study
together the case of a patient from our consultation who came a
few weeks ago. A 65-year-old woman was
referred to us for recurring chest pain. She also suffers from migraines
and chronic fatigue. First of all, it is important
to make the correct diagnosis. For
this, we must consider the medical profile of the patients, their history,
their lifestyle, and then we can make the correct diagnosis. Fortunately, we see that there is still
blood flow, even in the most distant parts of the coronary arteries. So there is no obstruction,
but a very severe diffuse spasm. And then the hardest part remains to be done:
finding the treatment best suited to each patient. For
spasms, there are calcium antagonists and we also have
nitroglycerin and nitrates. Sometimes treatments
alone are not enough. It is known that coronary spasms are
also linked to stress, for example, smoking or drugs, so you
also need to change your lifestyle. There is no one type of treatment
that works for every patient. We strive to find
the right treatment for every woman. Angela Mass is an active campaigner for
women to be heard and better diagnosed, but also for them to
be better represented. I attend a lot of conferences. At this stage of my career,
it is important that I have a mentoring role for the next generation. She is a pioneer in medicine. She has integrated gender issues
into her work and advocates for women-friendly cardiology. I ask you for a round
of applause for Angela Mas. When I was a student in the
1970s, I became involved in the second wave
of the women’s emancipation movement. I realize that
I have integrated this feminist commitment into my work. I’ve always felt that motivation
within me, and I still do. I am still an activist. I define myself as a feminist cardiologist,
because on the one hand, I fight for women
as patients, for better care, equal treatment, but
I also fight for women to become leaders,
not only in cardiology, but in the medical world. There is
still a lot to be done to ensure that women have positions of responsibility. We know that if we give women
higher positions in cardiology, then they will put women,
patients, at the heart of their priorities. This requires more female
leaders at the top. The glass ceiling is obviously there,
but it is above all and primarily in our heads, because
we are the ones who do not think we are capable. Try to overcome these barriers. Breaking through your own glass ceiling. It will help you break
the one that really exists. With your sisters, together, as an army,
because that is the only way. We have to do it together. We must realize,
and we saw this with the Covid crisis, that the majority, more than 70%
of caregivers, are women. But when
you look at the position of women in positions of responsibility,
this percentage drops to 25%. In cardiology, it is less than 8%. Giving
women more senior positions also raises the issue of
women’s cardiovascular health to a higher level, because they will
make it a priority. Thanks to Angela Mas’s tenacity,
the spasm provocation test is now practiced in more
than 15 hospitals in the Netherlands. But there is still much to be done. What is your feedback? We have conducted over 400 tests
at our center and have not had a single serious problem. No, because you have a good protocol. Yes, a standardized protocol. And what is the situation in Europe? It depends on which country you are talking about. There are excellent centers in Scotland
or elsewhere in the UK. There are more and more of them
in Spain and Italy. But in most centers in
Germany, this diagnosis is not made. And in other countries,
like Greece, it is not done. But we are at a turning point. We now carry out
this test in our center and in a large number
of centers in the Netherlands. But in most
cardiology centers, this test is not done. This diagnosis,
specific to women, is not carried out. And you know what? It ‘s 2022 after all. You’ve been working on this for years. I think we are lucky
to have you, not just in our hospital, but in the Netherlands and Europe. I think we’re only at the beginning. With
this good protocol and the international guidelines that we now have,
it is taking shape. Your role was essential. At Angèle’s,
every country should have an Angela to ensure that this test
is carried out everywhere. I do genetics. We could clone you. Oh yeah, that’s right, that’s what you do. What I can finally say when I look back on the last decade, what we have done together
with patients and doctors, with all the people involved. We have raised the issue of
women’s cardiovascular health higher. And we can only move forward on this path. There is no going
back. In France, Professor Alain Cribier also had to fight to treat
patients in distress. A renowned cardiologist,
he invented a revolutionary way to repair the heart
without major surgery. There have been two innovations that I have had
the honor of bringing to my career, which are aortic dilation and the
placement of artificial valves without heart surgery to replace
the failing aortic valve. His journey, strewn with pitfalls,
is a source of inspiration for many young doctors. There was still a lot of adversity
when you tried to develop the technique. It couldn’t have been easy
every day, after all. When we have the idea of ​​an innovation,
we have the world that we receive immediately. And most of my colleagues, doctors,
surgeons, say to themselves that if this innovation that you are proposing
were possible, it would have been done a long time ago. I have experienced all the problems that one
can imagine when one wants to innovate in general,
but even more so in medicine. That is to say, the concept
of innovation is going down very badly. Since the 1980s, doctors have
revolutionized the way they operate on the heart. No need to open the chest. To unblock an artery, you
simply need to go through the veins. He is the prodigy of
interventional cardiology. The huge advantage of
interventional cardiology over traditional surgery
is that it is most often performed under local anesthesia. That is to say, it is absolutely
gold because there are no nerves inside the vessels. So, patients do
not feel the sounds going up to the heart at all and they are discharged after 24 hours. It’s absolutely amazing. The result is perfect, madam. It can’t get any better.
Did you… You didn’t feel anything.
You didn’t feel anything? I’m going to close the femoral, then. To supply the organs with oxygen,
the heart must pump 5 liters of blood per minute. Four valves within it
ensure this mechanism. When one of them malfunctions,
it is heart failure. These heart valves are responsible
for extremely common diseases, including a valve that is just
outside the heart, called the aortic valve. And this valve is very
frequently diseased. And this is what is called
aortic stenosis. Over the years,
naturally and gradually, the aortic valve calcifies and hinders
the evacuation of blood from the heart. In September 1985,
I became attached to a patient who had
very severe aortic stenosis. She had
constant chest pains, etc. And the surgeons refused to operate on her
because she was over 70 years old. So, I suggested trying to dilate his
aortic valve with an inflatable balloon that was placed at the end of my
catheter and therefore introduced into a peripheral artery up to
the narrowed aortic valve. And I thought that by inflating
the balloon, we might be able
to improve things a little. Maybe we could fracture
the limestone, so the valve would open a little better. And this first
aortic dilation was an incredible success. All symptoms disappeared,
she returned to normal life. But eventually, this technique
spread throughout the world. Within five years, there were
tens of thousands of patients done worldwide,
until it was realized that unfortunately,
the stricture reformed quickly after being dilated. So that was really a handicap. It has become an obsession for me
to find a solution to this reformation of
aortic stenosis after aortic dilation. Professor Alain Cribier then had the idea
of ​​replacing the diseased aortic valve with an artificial valve
without heart surgery. An immediately controversial idea. The surgeons were absolutely against
the idea of ​​doing that, of touching the aortic valve,
which was their exclusive domain. And so, I had a lot of trouble. The idea was considered totally
crazy and impossible to do and very dangerous. And so it went as far as
physical threats. We did the first
implantation in April 2002. Currently,
we will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the first implantation in
April this year, in 2022. And we have one and a half million patients
who have been treated this way in 70 countries. That is to say, in fact,
the technique has spread like an absolutely extraordinary wildfire. And that’s something that was
absolutely unthinkable when we started doing this. So, it’s a great surprise. Alain Cribier led the way. Her heirs are continuing her work,
such as Eric Van de Bel, a cardiologist at the Lille University Hospital. Which led me to this discipline which
is cardiology from one patient to another. It’s the encounters you have
throughout your career, people like Alain Cribier,
who make you say: Yes, this is where I need to be to continue to
develop practices in patient care. Without opening the heart or chest,
even patients with severe malfunction
of one of the valves located in the center of the heart can be cured by passing
through the veins in their legs. In 2018, we implanted a mitral valve in a patient intravenously,
a valve that is quite difficult to reach since it is located
inside the heart mass. Like a flap, the mitral valve imposes
a one-way flow of blood. When it no longer fulfills its role,
the heart tires. The main anomaly of the mitral valve
that will lead to the intervention is what is called a mitral leak,
that is to say a defect in the sealing of the valve. It’s a door that becomes
a saloon door. That is, it opens
in both directions. Offering patients
mitral valve treatment without having to perform full surgery
is a step forward. That is to say, innovation,
if it is not at the service of patients, has no meaning. Patients, that’s all that matters. That is to say, we have a duty
of results towards our patients. So
there is a moral commitment to the patient who confides in you
and you have to earn it. And so I think that patients inevitably feel that at some point. For intervention,
have you understood everything? Do you still have
any questions? Yes, I pretty much understood. We go under the fold of wool and under
the control of the ultrasound, we will place the valve. So, it’s under
general anesthesia. Then you stay
in intensive care for a few days. Then you return
home normally. My relationship with patients
is to be as objective and honest as possible with them, and at the same time,
as straightforward as possible so that they understand the issues and agree or disagree with the
treatment. We’ll do your electrocardiogram
and then I’ll examine you afterwards. All right ? It’s going to be I think
I had to succeed. Maximum luck. So far,
it’s been going well. It would be a shame if it
started with you. Oh yes. If it were you,
we wouldn’t have done it again. That’s nice of you to say. Eric Van Beel, surrounded by his team,
screens each patient before the operation. We will see the following case. Indeed, it looks like
December to me at 12. This is a slightly more delicate case. No one can do this alone. This is totally impossible. Not only is it teamwork,
but it is upstream work of what we can call planning. That is to say that with a certain number
of colleagues who may be sonographers,
cardiologists who will be anesthetists,
we will carry out a certain number of examinations which we will combine,
which we will analyze to define how we will carry out the intervention in the
most precise way possible. Well, whatever happens, it is a puncture
which will probably be a little high. I have the impression that the left
would be a little better, but if we dive really high,
if we dive there, there is no problem. It seems like it’s a bit
trickier on the left, right? Eric, you’re right, it’s true
that he’s sicker on the left. There is no doubt about that.
We can see it clearly here. It’s more calcified. And if I put myself on the right,
then the right at the bottom, it’s more calcified on the afemoral
or on the puncture site, but on the other hand, at the top, it places more easily. You need to check again in economy. If it is in eco, the puncture area
is equivalent. In this case,
I think it is better to take the right. If the puncture area
is clearly better on the left, we will take it from the left. Good planning is like an
airline pilot preparing for his flight. If it’s not done right,
it goes wrong. And so this planning
is done as a team. And we all establish
a flight plan together. You don’t carry out this type of intervention
by going to the boarding. That means by saying: We’ll
see what happens. No. That is to say, we carry out this type
of intervention having planned for success and having planned for the hazards that may
possibly occur so that it remains a success despite everything. Interventional cardiology
is like an opera. There are musicians, a conductor, gestures to be performed with precision. We are all in unison,
we all play the same score. We don’t look at each other when
we work together. In fact, we are all looking at the same thing. We all look at our screens,
we all participate in the intervention. There is therefore a succession of gestures
with a certain number of catheters. And since everyone has
the same thing in mind, everyone knows their role and everyone already knows that it wants to be not only the next step,
but everyone actually knows the whole process. And we forget the patient at that moment. That is, it could
be my father or my brother. That’s no longer the point. That is to say, we must have a
significant form of distance to be as objective as possible and as effective as
possible in our care. The patient is ready to receive
the artificial valve. It is compressed before
being inserted into the catheter. So it will be 180. You tell us when you are ready. Then go back up to the
patient’s heart through the venous network. Hold on tight because this is
going to be a challenge. You make movements of one centimeter. Closer, closer, take closer. Okay, stop. Are
you stopping there? We make a graph with injection.
Injection. Okay, pacing, let’s go. After two hours of intervention,
the valve is deployed. The patient is saved. The valve is installed, the valve
is in place, everything is fine. The first motivation
is to provide long-term service. When you see a patient
three weeks after having their valve repaired and they tell you they are
no longer short of breath and have no more chest pain,
you have a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, which is important. That’s the key. The second thing
is that you know that you have brought this benefit to the patient
thanks to a technique which, often, is a somewhat innovative technique. And we must not hide our faces. The technical side of it is
something that is very nice, very enjoyable, very rewarding. Professor Alain Cribier continues
to pass on this innovative technique to younger people to enable interventional cardiology to go even further. How can you convey this
notion of innovation to the patient and convince them to follow you? And how can we transpose this to the
present day, precisely, where the patient is much more informed than before? That is to say, at present
the problem is simple since patients are aware of everything
that can be done via the Internet. So, these are patients who arrive
and demand treatment. At the time, on the contrary, it was necessary to
be extremely explanatory and discuss with the patient the advantages
and disadvantages of a new technique. And it took a lot of time. It was quite difficult. Professor Cribier illustrates the fact
that innovation is not a straight line and to see that ultimately,
it was not a long, calm river for him to lead
all these projects. It will help our young people who might
imagine someone who says: For us, it’s complicated. Before, it was better or before,
it was easier. The question is
whether we ourselves have the ability to convince others,
especially younger people, to follow in our footsteps and come up with
innovative ideas. My goal has always been
to awaken the minds of young people to do the same thing, to try to understand what was
missing, what wasn’t working, what needed to be improved in order to try to
eventually be the source of innovation themselves. And I admit that there is a very good
handover. Me and others of my generation
do the same thing. We are passing the baton to young people,
young interventional cardiologists who are the interventional cardiologists
of tomorrow who will then pass it on to future generations. The progress made by
interventional cardiology, when we see today the importance
that this way of treating patients has taken and its success,
it is quite extraordinary. A personal type,
quite modestly, I am quite happy to have been able to experience a certain number
of developments, to have participated in second line in all
the innovations, for example, of someone like Alain Cribier,
and then in the extension of these techniques to the management
of the mitral luminal pathway. Interventional cardiology is
now an entity that is definitive, that is to say, it is
here to stay, of course. We are currently witnessing
an overtaking of interventional cardiology in relation
to traditional surgery. It’s absolutely amazing. So the future is absolutely certain. Sometimes the heart cannot be repaired. And when it stops working,
it needs to be replaced. Worldwide, more than 100,000 people
are waiting for a heart transplant. But for lack of a donor,
we will not survive. A unique artificial heart,
invented 30 years ago by world-renowned cardiac surgeon
Professor Alain Carpentier, is about to change everything. I wanted to make a heart that resembled
the human heart as closely as possible, with the aim of reproducing not only the shape, not only the good tolerance, but also the function
of a normal heart. The artificial heart is a somewhat
crazy idea: to be able to replace an organ that, behind the scenes, ensures people’s ability to walk, work, and love. This is truly a glimmer of hope
for the growing number of patients suffering from
advanced heart failure. If I chose to be a doctor,
it’s because I wanted to make a modest contribution at the start. To medical progress. That’s how it is, I’m made that way. And when there is a problem that is not
yet solved, obviously, it stimulates my curiosity and my desire to
try to solve this problem. The beginning of this story was
written by Professor Carpentier. He was trying to save people,
he’s a heart surgeon. And he realized that there
are people for whom, unfortunately, we have no
therapeutic solution. And that’s where Professor Carpentier had
the idea of ​​saying: We know how to make planes that fly,
rockets that go into space, satellites that remain
operational for years without us needing to intervene. We must be able
to make an artificial heart. For more than 30 years, Professor
Alain Carpentier has perfected his heart. When he retired,
his team continued his work to make this artificial heart a reality. Throughout the development of this
epic, there have always been men who, at some point,
have contributed something to the project. It was never easy. We had a lot of
technical challenges to overcome. It was hard to believe that we could have
reached the stage we are at today with the technologies
that were available 30 years ago. So, Alain Carpentier was very
visionary and many people thought it was unachievable. Professor Carpentier, today,
he necessarily remains very attentive to our progress and to the realization of
the dream he had. This
machine heart, reacting like a real heart,
Jérémy Hage, a young resident of the Lille region, owes his survival to it because on
December 4, 2020, everything changed for him. I had had swelling in my legs for
a few days now that had been lingering. I had some health problems
in the meantime, digestive problems or hot flashes. Some breathing problems when exerting myself,
quickly out of breath, but otherwise nothing more. On my 30th birthday,
as it wasn’t going away, I went back to the doctor to see
what was going on. He diagnosed me with a
blood pressure of eight and something and a heart rate that was racing. So from there, it’s straight to
the emergency room to see what’s going on. From there, it is diagnosed that there is
heart failure. They say we’ll have to wait for
a transplant in the hospital, for intensive care. I did not expect such a
heavy and radical verdict. For him, life has been normal until now
and his symptoms are mainly
waves of abdominal pain, often triggered after eating. And these pains reflect
a very advanced stage of the disease, since the heart is no longer capable
of ensuring perfusion of the stomach and intestine. His survival will be assessed in days,
in the absence of a heart transplant. Unfortunately,
there is a growing demand for hearts and there are few donors. So, generally in Europe the
waiting time is between four and six months. It can be longer,
it can be shorter. And of course, it depends on several
criteria such as blood type, the patient’s height, and if the patient
is tall, he needs a bigger heart. For Jeremy, the wait would
most likely be several weeks
and we were not at all sure that we would have that much
time to keep him alive. The idea was to be able to get
Jeremy out of the hospital, to allow him to resume rehabilitation to
rebuild his muscles and be able to face, because it’s really
a major shock, an operation as serious as a heart transplant. Hence the need to find a technique
that allows us to wait for the transplant safely. This strategy is called
the bridge-to-transplant strategy. And so, it was a total
artificial heart that was needed for Jeremy. It took me five minutes to think about it
and I signed right away. The other alternative
was to stay in the hospital and wait in bed for my heart to give out. Or because luckily
I have a graft. So, rather than sitting around doing nothing,
I decided to try something. This artificial heart is assembled
and tested in the Paris region. They named it CARMAT,
CAR for Carpentier and MAT for Matra, after the industrial company that
financed it in its early days. The alliance of engineering
and medical research. The artificial heart is intended to replace
the natural heart of the patient. The natural heart of the impatient,
it is made up of four chambers, two atria and two ventricles. The ventricles are what
represent the motor function of the heart, therefore the pump,
what actually beats. It too is made up of two
cavities, two ventricles, but it has a technical cavity
in which we will have pumps, electronics, sensors. All of this is necessary to adapt
the heart’s output, to adapt its functioning to what
the patient is doing, to what he feels. There are also membranes that will be
used to propel the blood, to send it into the arteries. The special thing is that we
worked with specific materials. What we want is for
the blood to react well, in fact, to tolerate well these
artificial things that we are going to implant. And in fact, we have developed
microporous materials, materials of biological origin from bovine tissues. And behind it,
for patients, it’s a huge gain because we’ll
need to use less medication, which also allows them to guarantee
a much more comfortable life once we have our device implanted. This is the final stage of the process which
allows us to determine whether the prosthesis is acceptable or not
and can be implanted. There is fluid circulation and
a number of tests are carried out on the prosthesis, including endurance. So the test lasts more than 15 hours
and at that point we will be able to determine whether it is good or not. When will this one be
available, roughly? The test will be completed today. She should be available
for the third week of September with sterilization. So everything will be OK. This artificial organ will be tested
to verify that its performance is what was expected
before it can be sterilized and then sent to the
implantation centers. The surgeons then take over
for an extremely delicate operation. More than eight hours of surgery are
required to implant this intelligent machine, which weighs 900 grams,
approximately three times more than a human heart. Around thirty patients
have already benefited from it. To install a total artificial heart, two-thirds of the heart must be removed,
namely the right ventricle and the left ventricle,
and only the two atria must be left in place,
which are the communications that connect the
venous system and the pulmonary system. It is on these two atria that
the artificial heart will be assembled, since it is generally the atria
which are, for the right atrium, the receptacle of
the body’s venous blood, the blue blood. For the left atrium, the blood that has
been oxygenated by the lung, the red blood. Overall, karmat mimics a
native heart and therefore takes its place. An artificial heart
that runs on battery power. Starting the device. It’s a device that
only requires energy, I was going to say. So today,
we have a small wire that comes out at the level of the abdomen and through which we
bring it precisely the energy that it needs to function. So, the patient wears batteries on his shoulder
that allow him to be autonomous for four or
five hours. It all depends on his activity. And when he is at rest,
he can connect his system to a power outlet which gives him
, in quotes, infinite autonomy. And it’s completely
transparent to him. The ultimate discovery will
be the moment when we can have internal batteries that recharge
simply by induction and which will make it possible to avoid
having a line coming out of the thorax and move towards
complete autonomy for the patient. Three and a half months after being
implanted with an artificial heart as a bridge to transplantation,
Jeremy received a real human graft. Hello Sir. Hello, Madam, I have an appointment with
Professor Vincent Telli, please. Okay, the state is over, it will be
with my colleague, please. Good morning. Thank you too, good luck. Sir, what’s new since
the last consultation? How are you feeling? Well, listen, for the moment, we’re slowly getting back
into sport, peacefully. So, for example, I’m cycling
again, I can walk 5 or 10 kilometers like before.
That’s not a problem. And you’re sleeping. Are you okay? Are
you doing very well? Yeah, it’s fine. So, the controls on the latest radio are quite satisfactory. We are sure that we have changed
radio stations compared to before. It’s safe. We can say that we have indeed
come a long way since then. Still, yeah. This is a way of taking revenge on the disease. It was something
that was really close to my heart. I lost my father very shortly
before joining Karmat, and that was a very strong driving force. And I think that
everyone who works in society today, somewhere,
has been confronted in a direct or indirect way with the disease. And I think that they too feel
this desire to say: We will score a point, we will score it together and
we will finally succeed in overcoming something that has
come to block a life, we will succeed in overcoming the event. Karmat is a human adventure. Patients are followed from selection to
implantation until transplantation. Teamwork is
fundamental and the key to success. It is not a surgeon who manages a
Karmat program, but a team. My whole family is aware of this,
Professor Vincent Telli, and Karmat also saved my life. We were able to tackle a real transplant
in excellent conditions. We had a follow-up that was still top-notch. It will never stay there. I have confidence in life now. The vision is to make
a fully implanted heart. So that means we’re
never going to stop. If you see our plan, we have product
versions 4, 5, 6 in the pipeline. It’s just a matter of time,
of development. So we are already thinking about
telemonitoring systems to have remote access to data
from the prosthesis. And why not other organs? It’s like I always say,
when you start with such complicated technology, you can
certainly do other things. The future of the Karmat Heart
is to establish itself as the solution of choice when patients
are suffering from heart disease. Patients for whom
a graft has not been found. I think that the graft,
the heart that we are going to transplant from a deceased person to a patient, will
always be the best solution. And then it will be karmat. We just bring hope
to people who no longer had any. And I think that’s what we need to
remember. The challenge is to continue to be
alert, to identify needs and then to find solutions. I believe in striving
to be better tomorrow than we are today. We must continue to seek
treatment possibilities in areas where, for the moment,
interventional cardiology is not yet at the level of surgery. We are seeing more and more women
cardiologists, and they have a growing interest in
women’s heart health. There is also this new generation
of male cardiologists who are very different. They no longer take the subject lightly. They find it interesting. And it is. We managed to provide a solution to
patients who had lost hope. And I think it’s a path
that deserves to be copied, duplicated.