This episode features Yang-Hui He, a mathematical physicist and professor known for his groundbreaking work in string theory, geometry, and AI-driven approaches to mathematical research, as he explains how machine learning is revolutionizing the field and leading to major discoveries.
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Timestamps:
00:00 – String Theory & Mathematics
10:54 – How Does One Do Mathematics?
16:28 – Computers & Mathematics
20:04 – Bottom-Up Mathematics
28:44 – Meta-Mathematics
46:17 – Top-Down Mathematics
55:22 – Pattern Recognition
01:01:30 – Platonic Data
01:07:15 – A Classic Problem Since 1736
01:17:38 – Classical Results for Reimann Surface
01:22:29 – Manifolds
01:26:52 – Superstring Theory
01:30:45 – When Physics Meets Math
01:43:01 – Progress in String Theory
01:45:45 – Image Processing
01:59:33 – Episode Recap
02:12:50 – Outro
Links Mentioned:
• The Calibi-Yau Landscape (book): https://amzn.to/41XmUi0
• Machine Learning (book): https://amzn.to/49YQ42t
• Topology and Physics (book): https://amzn.to/4gCcjxr
• Yang-Hui He’s recent physics lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhuZar2C55U
• Roger Penrose on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGm505TFMbU
• Edward Frenkel’s String Theory discussion on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_oPMcvHbAc
• Edward Frenkel’s lecture on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RX1tZv_Nv4Y
• Joseph Conlon and Peter Toit on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAaXk_WoQqQ
• A New Lower Bound For Sphere Packing (article): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.10026
• Principia Mathematica (book): https://www.amazon.com/Principia-Mathematica-Alfred-North-Whitehead/dp/1603864377/ref=sr_1_5?crid=2ANIKKX6G8KRK&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.c62w_u2CfXIK6AaEt-QKx6dp22lbkUr17cSyr3O-rltVBjvb8xCrwLWz8CQ6iWjo8rjmeCsSCwPwM_U0T8_InZfz0vEX9UKDWfSa5Oan86o4YwU6F3GdBPz3J2d_hXbLOc-EULawZ47JksUzndhf5q7ydfCMlK9lYKc2XLZQq-6_dHWQSbjYI82e_dcKw9EWp71DPKIZ9v5qvbyP3CnE7gRpN7uPMZpj-lxlo7Wjsl4.iSUZDFr0n-ZlkiADza8yEePerPoxBJRRCLhO0tQm2wU&dib_tag=se&keywords=principia+mathematica&qid=1735580157&s=books&sprefix=principia+ma%2Cstripbooks%2C122&sr=1-5
• Tshitoyan’s paper on Nature: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1335-8
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#science #physics #ai #artificialintelligence #mathematics
26 Comments
Curt or Yang-Hui He, I have a question at the end. I’m fine if neither of you wants to answer it, and I don't blame you if decline. But I’ll ask anyway.
Particle physicists first uncovered string-like vibrations in the late 1960s. The cause, though unclear then, proved boringly simple: protons, neutrons, and similar particles contain the universe’s smallest strings. These “hadronic” strings are the bungee-cord-like orbitals of quarks bound by color-electric charges. Their quantized vibrations were the sources of the string-like vibrations observed in particle colliders.
Other than one brilliant young physicist who died tragically in a climbing accident (his rope snapped), I’ve never encountered a string theorist who admits in public that “super” string theory originated with physical, particle-and-force quark orbital strings. These days, many prefer to pretend that Witten came up with the idea entirely on his own.
The actual origin is that two fellows later grabbed the hadronic string math, discarded the physical particles and forces, and rescaled the resulting no-longer-physical math to be 20 orders of magnitude smaller and 20 orders more energetic. The nominal goal was to construct point-like particles such as electrons.
My question is this: If string vibration math is as fundamental as many claim, why does the math no longer include the particles and forces needed to implement physically meaningful strings at the new energy scales?
As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe
The notion that we have entered a position where we should accept truths that we cannot possibly grok is terrifying.
The latest grift for the tax dollar funding.
All things in the universe are subject to change, evolution. Things are dynamic. Not static. Does that include math? Is math eternal? Unchangeable? Or is it a byproduct of our level of reality? …where causation lives. Perhaps math is just a reflection of a deeper truth. Or of a deeper form of math that allows the math rules themself, to bend into new maths.
Yang-Hui He, any connection to Yang Chen-Ning?
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There will be THOUSANDS of ARTIFICIAL intelligences. Dangerous times
Wow, what an ad get!
Congrats on your success, Kurt
And for stimulating my curiosity!
We're drops of oily interest in an ocean of consciousness pooling in the wake of thinkers dreaming machines who wake against the grain of their great sleep.
Math is dead Physics is dead. AI will kill every human activity.
Great 👍
Thank you Curt for another interesting video!
In the future I would personally prefer if You drove the "interviews" and topics of disussion and did not allow quasi lectures.
Love the recap. Keep it.
Math is it's own meta.
I believe Curt is going to be the cross roads of all things science and math and theory’s where everyone will go to learn and present. He is going to do great things
44:18 It looks like the horizontal axis represents each separate IMO competition, with the bars signifying the number of no/bronze/silver/gold medalists in each. Nothing to do with Terrence Tao "retaking the test," lol.
I don't mind you shilling The Economist, but saying they are dedicated to rigour is just laughable.
It appears that String Theory has nothing to say about the origin of the fine structure constant, which is a dimensionless number which is found quite often in combination with π. 50 years of mathematicians marking their own homework. I've got a mark for progress on this question 1/10.
String Theory is real because it has so much fun carnival ride maths to it. This isn't science, it's a cult. Thing Theory is dead because the universe says so, and that is not going to change for a long time. Maybe in the next universe.
This is my fear.😢
A top-quality presentation and dialogue as always – great work. It's frustrating to see, though, that so much of the feedback and comments are coming from crackpots – this channel is deserving of far better from the community.
future of authorship:-
Automated by AI Model X, Supervised and Fine-Tuned by Expert Team Y from University Z and Company X
Another String Theory's lover.
Of course that Random Surface theory has been the recently past , the present and by a long time to come …the future of theoretical physics .No doubt on that !. It is a pretty interplay of Functional Analysis (of functional determinants of Elliptic Operators defined on ) AND Bosonic Algebraic geometry and SUPER algebraic geometry of Bosonic and Fermionic Riemman surfaces respectively ! However the branch of Random Surface theory applied for grand unification of all interaction on Physics, although fascinating is very far to become …THEORETICAL PHYSICS! . But what is apparently the"Flaw" on String theory for grand unification ("The USA-UK random Surface theory") ? .Well String theory needs CRITICAL DIMENSIONS to be well defined which turns them very different from the usual "Kaluza Klein " quantum fields theories in higher dimensional spaces .Here , on string theory for grand unification , one considers a well defined string theory in – let me say and to exemplify -; restricting myself to the bosonic case .Here we have string theory well defined on 26 EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS and thus compactify 22 and say that the string theory is ok as a relativistic quantum field theory in the RESULTING extrinsic space FOUR DIMENSIONAL … : It may be wrong! . I think that one must first prove as a mathematical theorem that the new compactified string theory HAS NOT its OWN CRITICAL DIMENSION wich may be quite different of four .May be , (and a great may be here !) ,CRITICAL DIMENSIONS MAKING STRING THEORY WELL DEFINED , DOES NOT "COMMUTE" WITH COMPACTIFICATIONS!. I have done some trivial calculations on compactifications of string theory (on 1986 in Rome UNiversity as a Pos doc of deceased Prof M Virassoro) to a circle and get Thouless Kosterlitz Phase on the intrinsic two dimensional string space with the NATURAL fixing of the compactified radius !. If these calculations make some sense , may be that string theory compactified in the intrinsic space time has dynamical mass transmutation on its EXTRINSIC geometry and thus fixing dynamically (by quantum corrections) the size of the compactified space regarded as new string coupling constant! .But May be I heve been deadly wrong on "Compactified" string …. ("compactified dimensions are bosonized representations of fermionic string "Color" charges!) . Curt , Sorry by the length of the comment! .From a "Constructive Field Theorist-Functional Analyst " which has been working as a Theoretical Physicist on Random Surface theory applied in non perturbative QCD for 40 years.
Yo i do lean too ha