Could there have been an advanced civilization before ours? Enthusiasts dive into ancient enigmas, analyzing mysterious structures and artifacts, and pondering if a hidden ancient society once thrived. While marvels like the pyramids and Stonehenge showcase incredible ancient ingenuity, they remain attributed to known human achievements. It’s a cosmic puzzle, waiting for more pieces to fall into place! 🌌🕵️♂️
at some point in its long and very interesting history our dear planet Earth was sort of snoozing just doing its planetary thing spinning around the Sun and then bam Life starts getting fancy plants and animals start strutting their stuff showing off their complexity fast forward a bit about 65 million years ago to be exact and a cosmic disaster strikes or at least that’s what we presume an asteroid prob smashed into Earth wiping out the dinosaurs and other big animals we can’t pinpoint specifics about the asteroid but we do know that it was extremely large and it crashed into our precious Planet creating a Dusty mess that settled everywhere you can still find remnants of that dust layer in sedimentary rocks today if you dig beneath it you’ll uncover a whole bunch of fossils these prehistoric creatures were living it up before the asteroid crashed the party think of it as the planet going on a cleaning spree leaving a bunch of empty spaces waiting to be filled and guess who took the opportunity mammals these furry Little Critters were the ones to rise to fame but why is it that this disaster became such a great opportunity for mammals it’s pretty simple actually with no big bullies around they grew multiplied and had a population expanse all kinds of mammals joined to fill in the blanks Prim Ates rodents basically the whole furry gang we’re talking about placental mammals marsupial and even egg laying mammals adding some serious variety to the mix we like to think of primates as our closest relatives here on Earth what’s their story well around 63 million years ago just a couple of million years after the dinosaur’s final dance the primates decided it was time for a family reunion they split into two groups the the dry noosed primates who became the cool monkeys and apes we know today and the wet-nosed primates who went off to become lemur and I eyes heyes the fun didn’t stop there about 58 million years ago the dry noosed primates began their own little mission one special guest called the tarsier tar seure arrived on the scene featuring big eyes that were perfect for late night Shenanigans this tarsier took a different path from its primate relatives embracing its unique Niche and evolving separately to this day the tarsier is the only primate that feeds exclusively on meat these little guys have a taste for insects small birds rodents and even lizards but that’s not all that makes them unique their eyes are twice the size of their brains also their heads can do a full 180° spin just like an owl because of their features the tarer are the true kings and queens of the night with their superpower of ultrasonic tracking they can spot their prey instantly plus their legs and feet are like Springs ready to launch them into action they’ve got this special ankle bone called the Tarsus which gives them those epic leaping skills hence the name if you were wondering but let’s leave these little critters to rest and get back to our story shall we about about 55 million years ago the earth cranked up the heat literally this sudden hot pod was a bit too much for many deep ocean dwellers and plants to handle and they bid their farewells but hey every goodbye is an opportunity for something new right the oceanic mammals known as satans sutti saw their chance and took it they splashed into those empty niches becoming the rulers of the sea in this category of creatures you can find the blue whale and the doin a special primate guest made an appearance around 47 million years ago scientists now affectionately call the fossil of such a creature Aida this little Wonder caused quite a stir initially hailed as The Missing Link in human evolution but here’s the hilarious part it turned out Ida was not one of us dry noosed primates but a cheeky wet-nosed one moving forward to 40 million years ago this is when a another big event happened in the primate world the new world monkeys our distant cousins decided to take a different path and Branch off from our lineage of Old World monkeys they packed their bags and set off to conquer South America where they’re still living it up today what’s the difference between the two you might ask well one crucial thing that sets them apart is the fact that the old world monkeys had nostrils that pointed downwards around 25 million years ago another troop of Apes entered the scene and these guys had something special the lack of a tail these unique creatures would go on to become our closest relatives we’re talking apes and great apes the cool gang who share a whole lot of genetic similarities with us the first ape to break free from the monkey Madness was the Gibbon about 18 million years ago is when this little acrobat swung into the pit picture a few million years later the great apes made their grand entrance too orangutans were the Pioneers venturing into the Wilds of southern Asia we getting closer and closer to the present it was 7 million years ago when the great apes took a major fork in the evolutionary Road One path led to our ancestors the future Homo sapiens and the other path led to chimpanzees and bonobos these two primate branches remained United for a few million years before finally going their separate ways 5.6 million years ago a gamechanging ape called ardipithecus made its way into our evolutionary history it had a special talent bipedalism that’s right this was one of the first Apes to walk on two feet probably making its primate buddies raise an eyebrow or two the real showstoppers however arrived around 4 million years ago the australopith crew these were the earliest members of the Hina home enina subtribe our tribe what made them so special well probably the fact that they brought some serious tools to the game stone tools to be precise it seems that at some point in their evolution these clever primates started using stones to make their lives easier now here comes a crucial turning point in our story about 2 million years ago our ancestors faced to food shortage survival of the fittest was the name of the game and two strategies emerged group one went for stronger jaws allowing them to Chomp on tough foods like nuts group two had a different idea they opted for weaker Jaws but bigger brains they wanted access to a wider range of food options obviously the bigger brain group took the prize and here’s where our gang comes into play around 2.5 million years ago a type of primate also known as handyman made its mark on History these clever beings had larger brains and knew how to put those neurons to good use about 1.9 million years ago a new star emerged Homo erectus these creatures not only walked upright but also had brains that were almost twice the size of the handyman’s they took the World by surprise becoming the first of our direct ancestors to venture out of the African Contin continent they even knew how to tame fire approximately 700,000 years ago the world witnessed a culinary Revolution the earliest evidence of cooking appeared and around 500,000 years ago our ancestors decided it was time to become a bit more fashionable Dawning the first evidence of clothing our very own species came to be just 300,000 years ago told you we were late to the party but the world was never the same after the appearance of homo sapiens the anatomically modern humans alongside our other relatives we emerged ready to conquer the world with our Innovative minds and complex societies the exact path of our Evolution remains a bit of a mystery but what we do know for sure is that neanderthals joined the party around at some point2 as Homo sapiens flourished so did our capacity for language modern speech is believed to have emerged almost hand inand with our species we started expressing ourselves sharing stories and shaping the world with our words so there you have it it took 13.8 billion years of cosmic history for humans to make their entrance think about it 99.998% of the time since the Big Bang we weren’t even around our species home hos sapiens is the toddler of the Earth’s family existing for just the tiniest fraction of the universe’s timeline yet in this blink of an eye we’ve managed to unravel the entire story that led to our existence the story won’t end with us it’s an ongoing saga still being written with every passing moment you’re walking down the street you see a strange looking antique shop called ageless trinkets of Mr bright you’re curious so you enter there you take a look at all the weird stuff suddenly an old folded parchment paper catches your attention it’s a world map but something’s off with it instead of showing the countries as you know them it shows the locations of four mythical lost worlds and civilizations Mr bright the shop owner comes next to you after realizing your shock this map won’t let you find these places or anything but I can explain to you the Legends behind them if you want he says let me begin with Atlantis you might know it as Aquaman’s underwater Kingdom but Atlantis the fictional island was actually first introduced in two of Plato’s Works according to him Atlantis was a highly Advanced civilization that existed about 9,000 years before his own time and its story had been passed down by Poets authors and others he wrote about Atlantis and its citizens to give a moral lesson and to teach about the dangers of arrogance as well as the eventual downfall of those who are after too much power in his dialogues Plato stated that Atlantis was a great and powerful Empire that was respected in all parts of the world it was founded by beings who were half deities and half human and became a great Naval power after a while being being an island filled with gold silver and other precious metals certainly helped their case but besides that it was also known for its breathtaking architecture and state-of-the-art Technology as well as its countless rare and exotic wild animals atlantans were proud of their great achievements and the Perfection of their civilization but their excessive Pride was going to bring their downfall they believed they were so Superior that they could gain control over any Nation this LED them to launch a series of invasions they conquered many of the Mediterranean lands but when it was time to enter Athens Athenians pushed back with an extraordinary force so the atlanteans were finally defeated Plato stated that deities then got angry at atlantans because of how Wicked greedy and immoral they became so they punished them by sending earthquakes which caused Atlantis to sink Beneath the Sea although the earliest written records of Atlantis were Plato’s Works some people still believed his story to be based on truth and tried to identify the island of Atlantis with actual countries some people suggested it may have been located in the Mediterranean Sea near the coast of Spain or Italy others thought it may have been located in the Caribbean off the coast of Central or South America but there was no solid evidence to support any of these claims one Theory in particular seemed more plausible than the others though located in the aian sea the island of Santorini was the home of a highly Advanced Menan Society however due to a huge volcanic eruption it was destroyed about 3,600 years ago causing the Manan civilization to suddenly disappear these similarities between the fictional atlanteans and the historical Minoans made Santorini a good candidate for the speculations yet again there were still major flaws with it such as how the time when Plato said Atlantis was destroyed doesn’t coincide with the time of Santorini’s eruption so Atlantis still continues to be regarded as nothing more than a popular legend in the scientific world now let’s move toward the Northeast Direction on the map Mr brigh says according to Celtic Brighton mythology there once was a magnificent city called yees also known as Caris that towered over Dewar Bay in France’s Britany region it was the most wealthy City in the entire Atlantic it was especially famous for its beautiful gardens and buildings and its citizens were all living comfortably and happily there dah hooot who was King bradon’s daughter in Brighton Legends and literature had a deep love for the sea she begged her father to build a city at the edge of the sea and that is how the city of yees was established little did she know that she would be the one responsible for the destruction of her father’s beloved gift you see since the city was surrounded by the Sea it needed to be protected by a dyke equipped with floodgates and these Gates could only be opened at low tide and the only one who had the keys to these Gates was the king himself one day a handsome Red Knight arrived at the city but but couldn’t pass the gates daho was so taken by him that she wanted to let him in she knew that her father was The Keeper of the only key to the city so she sneaked into his room and stole it from him then she gave it to The Red Knight so that he could enter the city and they could be together however The Red Knight turned out to be the Prince of Darkness and he intentionally left the gate open to the Raging Sea the waves soon swallowed all of yees King gradon was able to escape on his magical horse but daho she turned into an evil mermaid who lured Sailors into the sea today if you go to quimper a city in Britany Northwest France you can find the Statue of King gradon riding on his horse although the city of yeast is a legend Britany Coast locals believe that on the days when the waters are calm you can still hear the tolls of the city bell deep under the sea if you listen carefully Mr brigh then points at the Indian Ocean on the map and says now have you heard about Loria back in the mid 1800s a few scientists suggested that there was once a continent that existed in the Indian Ocean somewhere close to the south of modern-day Sri Lanka the first one to popularize this theory was the British lawyer and zoologist Philip lutley Slater in his paper the mammals of Madagascar he stated that he found lemore fossils in India and not in Africa however this discovery was extremely shocking to him because of the fact that lemur original Homeland Madagascar is much closer to Africa he proposed that this was possible only if some larger continent connected the two ones he stated that this continent must have eventually sunk to the ocean floor he then named it Loria and hence the theory was born people who came after scater took his theory a step further and thought that Loria was also the home of an extinct race of humans called lorans who had four arms and enormous bodies and were also the ancestors of modern-day humans as well as lemur of course as new scientific discoveries were made on plate tectonics Evolution and the study of DNA the theories regarding the fictional continent called Loria were debunked the last fictional land on the map is agartha Mr brigh says taking its roots from Eastern mysticism one Legend says there’s a kingdom called agartha that is located deep beneath the surface of the Earth it’s where all four corners of the world are connected by paths and tunnels it is said that there’s a secret entrance into agartha hidden in the GOI desert and it’s built by agarthans themselves using advanced technology that can’t be detected by us the surface folks According to some beliefs agartha exists to counterbalance the energies of those who live above the surface while we live in a state of Rush and heightened emotions this world beneath us is the total opposite some even say that those who escaped Atlantis fled here to continue their lives inside the Earth’s core and yet others think it’s actually a land that’s crawling with all kinds of monsters but there’s no need to be scared since modern science proved earth’s core is not actually Hollow and is a solid hot iron ball so you can cancel your journey plans to the Center of the Earth if you’ve made any thanks Mr bright so imagine you’re 15 and you get bored of playing video games instead to pass the time you decide to give some attention to an old hobby of yours tracking down lost Mayan cities you’ve heard that some ancient civilizations are said to have built entire cities based on constellations so you decide to check out whether that was true for the Mayans you find a book containing all the constellations the Mayan civilization believed to exist you open good old Google Maps and map every ancient Mayan city discovered today you start seeing that this information actually matches and truly the biggest ancient Mayan cities correspond to the brightest and biggest stars of the Mayan constellations okay this is getting interesting you managed to map out over 100 ancient cities when you suddenly notice something strange there’s an area in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico where archaeologists have on Earth two Mayan cities but on the constellation map there are three Stars could this mean there is a long lost city waiting to be discovered nearby you might think this sounds too daydreaming but the story is actually true the previous account happened to a Canadian teenager named William gader the boy is known as a science genius and had even won an award for the constellation Theory we presented just now when he noticed that a third city was missing from the 23rd constellation he was examining he began to scour the internet for satellite pictures that could help him solve this mystery he looked into images from NASA jaxa a japan-based satellite company and Google Earth these images were still insufficient to answer his questions so he reached out to a friend inside the Canadian space agency his friend provided him with state-of-the-art satellite imagery that gave him the answer he was looking for according to the images there is a large square area right on the border of Mexico and bise which looks like the remains of a city William took the images to a remote sensing expert known as Dr Armen Laro from the University of New Brunswick they studied the images thoroughly and concluded that the area could be housing 30 buildings and even a large pyramid the scientific and archaeological Community went crazy with the 15-year-old’s discovery could this really be true some background lost Mayan cities began to be une Earth in the mid 20th century since then ruins from cities such as tikl penque and ukol have been rediscovered the Mayans were one of the biggest pre-colombian civilizations living in the Americas they began to settle in the area as early as 1500 BCE experts believe that at its height the Mayan civilization consisted of over 40 cities with a population of millions of people that’s a crowd and their cities were pretty interesting there civilization spanned over Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula Guatemala and Biz they surviv mainly on agriculture so they developed a complex irrigation system in most of their cities they built a series of ceremonial buildings pyramids plazas and even Courts for ball games the Mayans were Keen pyramid Builders but they also developed an advanced astronomical system with whatever ancient technology they had they were able to predict the exact location of planets such as Venus and Mars and they were able to predict the exact dates of eclipses that’s why the methodology William used to discover this long-lost Mayan city was unusual but not completely surreal the Mayans were Keen astronomers so it wouldn’t be too strange that they built their major architectural Feats in relation to the sky would it and they wouldn’t be the first ones to be doing so there is a famous Fringe of egyptology dedicated to studying how the Giza pyramids were built in perfect alignment with the Orion constellation meaning that each pyramid was purposely built to align with one of the major stars of Orion’s Belt according to William he first had the idea to look at the Mayan constellations because he couldn’t understand why the Mayans built their cities where they built them most major cities such as Chichen and UL aren’t near any rivers or significant bodies of wed instead they’re built on marginal lands and on top of mountains which confused the 15-year-old his next thought was that it might have something to do with astronomy William named the new city he discovered mouth of fire which is also mind nick name and he even won a merit award for his hard work however his theory was very much contested inside the archaeological community and many Mayan experts work to debunk Williams findings some archaeologists say that constellation theories are too unscientific Anthony aeni a renowned Anthropologist and astronomer referred to Williams methodology as an act of creative imagination he explained that there is no way to be sure what the Mayan constellations really were it’s all just hypothetical another debunking of Williams findings came from mayanist David Stewart who said that the object identified on the satellite imagery is nothing but an old cornfield his claim was supported by an expedition that took place near the area in 2021 when the archaeologists present reported there was nothing at all in this area still a 15-year-old boy almost found a long lost Mayan city which is pretty exciting if you ask me similar techniques as those used by William are actually being used to unearth lost civilizations all over the world according to space archaeologist Sarah par satellite imagery has been a key player in discover ing ancient cities in Egypt and other places Sarah herself spends most of her days scouring images for any sign of where there could have been cities long ago what happens she says is that anytime you have something buried it’s going to be covered either by vegetation soil or sand or some other modern construction on top of it in order to assess whether there is something hidden under large canopies of vegetation or not she uses infrared technology for instance a major recent discovery in Brazil was done in a similar way satellite imagery detected a network of trenches dating back to 200 to 1200 CE these suggest settlements that could have supported around 60,000 people but in this case the satellite imagery did indeed correspond to what was on the ground researchers from the University of Florida found several Mounds that were accompanied by ditches and geoglyphs archaeologists also found remnants of carefully designed walls centered around closets much like the type of construction done by the ancient Mayans advances in Satellite Tech have also shed new light on longis discovered ancient Mayan cities such as tikl located in the heart of the Guatemalan jungle tikl is believed to have been the capital of the ancient Mayan Empire at its height it was comparable in importance to cities such as London or New York in today’s world it was composed of a series of complex monuments many of them believe to have been the resting places of kings and Chiefs tikl is already known to have been big but recent discoveries show it could have been even three times larger than what scientists originally believed the main Discovery revolves around a fortification on the outskirts of the city indicating how far the original City stretched and new discoveries still take place in 2017 researchers also Unearthed new Clues regarding the potential causes of the decline of the Mayan civilization using data from a side and Seawall located 62 Mi Southwest of tle scientists analyzed radiocarbon data from Ceramics and archaeological excavations to extract new information about the sudden demise of this great civilization the information shows that instead of a sudden collapse the Mayans most likely collapsed in waves of social instability and political crises these events are believed to have deteriorated Mayan city centers and began causing the dispersion of the Mayan population well it seems like it’s a prime time to uncover ancient ruins what do you say will you give it a try as well can you tell me what date it is today piece of cake you just look at your smartphone and voila you immediately know the day month and year but was it always this easy to tell the date did the ancient people even have the concept of a year year that lasts 365 days yes and no Mayan calendars had Cycles that’s close to what we call a year but the Mayan cycle was much longer 8/19 days and this is where the Mystery Begins 8/19 days compared to what when does this calendar begin and when does it end scientists were asking themselves this question for decades they discovered and deciphered the Mayan calendar during the 1940s recently two American scientists John lyen and Victoria bicker came forward with a solution so what did they do differently from their predecessors the duo deciphered The Code by broadening their thinking they expanded the calendar from 8/19 days to full 45 years that’s 20 times longer than the original cycle and a pattern started to emerge this was a major breakthrough because the Mya told time in a complicated way you can forget about the easyto read Arabic numerals we have today these ient people used glyphs these are tiny images that represent characters something like the icons on your desktop or Universal symbols when you see a little dot with three curved lines above it you know there is a wi-fi network available the Mayan calendar used glyphs that represented animals or natural phenomena for example there were symbols for a jaguar and an eagle each glyph Marked One Day each cycle is repeated four times 89 X4 let’s call these four Cycles block the masas colored each block differently scientists thought these colors corresponded to the four cardinal directions red was East White North West was black and finally yellow marked South but then the 1980s came yeah this was a weird decade the calculations were all wrong researchers determined that the colors were associated with the position of the sun in the sky it turned out that the color yellow represented the highest point of the sun which is called a Zenith white was the the lowest point called the nadier it seems that the calendar showed just how good the ancient Mayas were at astronomy this is most evident at chichin this principal Mayan city is located on the Yucatan Peninsula Mexico there stands an impressive step pyramid it is dedicated to The Feathered Serpent deity and its alignment is perfect something marvelous happens here twice a year during the equinoxes March and September these are the times when the sun shines directly over the equator on these two dates the day and night lasts the same at the sight of the pyramid sunlight first illuminates the sculpture of the serpent head at the base of the structure then it makes its way up the 91 steps this creates the illusion that a snake is Slithering down the pyramid even today people gathered to witness the sight and it must have been more impressive when the Mayas completed the structure 1050 1300 Ce do you know what a CTIC period is neither do I but Myan astronomers did atic period is the time that passes before a stellar body does a full lap for example this is the period between two full moons when you look from Earth this period lasts roughly 30 days and the Mayas were looking at the skies non-stop they carefully noted the CTIC periods of all planets from Venus to Saturn these ancient astronomers kept records of nearly all celestial bodies but what does this have to do with their calendar the American researchers calculations revealed the link let’s take the planet closest to the Sun as an example Mercury its CTIC period is 117 days multiply that by 7even and you get which number exactly 8 to 19 117 X7 equal sin 819 coincidence definitely not because Sonic periods of other planets also neatly match the magical figure 8/19 but this is not visible from a single Mayan cycle scientists had to expand it several times to discover the pattern there is a reason why no one could decide CER the code for so long they were focused on a single planet the trick was to add the Mayan calculation for all the planets researchers just needed to see the bigger picture this brings us to the year 2012 can you remember that some people thought that the world would end on December 21st that turned out to be a bust we are alive and well now but what started this false rumor the Mayan calendar of course you see these ancient people base their calendar on long periods of all the planets that included a lot of complicated math and a lot of multiplying this 2012 was simply the time when their cycle ended it is known as The Long Count this period is the same as our year for the May 2012 was something like the 31st of December for us just an end of a cycle in which they measured time so there was no need to panic those New Year’s Eve parties might be a bit wild but the world doesn’t end on January 1st the Maya stretched more than their calendar rubber was the name of the game yes you’ve heard it correctly these ancient people were making different grades of rubber 3,000 years before one famous American did Charles goodar they would extract natural latex from the rubber tree this is a milky substance that can be turned into Rubber and they weren’t the only ones scientists found evidence that their neighbors the Aztecs and the mmecs did the same but what did they do with rubber they didn’t need car tires definitely but it’s cool to have a nice pair of sandals for the beach the Spanish wrote about Rubber Sole Footwear that natives wore sadly scientists still haven’t found them that would be a big step for archaeology so the Maya were playful with rubber literally researchers guessed that they produced balls from latex these were bouncy and ranged in size from a softball to a soccer ball a typical Mayan ball game pits involve two Hoops you must thinking basketball but not quite the Hoops were set on walls 23 ft High compare that to the NBA standard of 10 ft and the hoop was the other way around there is also a sweet side to the story of the Mayas these ancient people enjoyed chocolate in fact the modern word chocolate probably comes from their language soat this meant Bitter Water okay you get the bitter part but why water the Mayas didn’t produce chocolate in the form we know it today they didn’t make bars of chocolate they drank it smashed cocoa beans made for excellent drinks the Maya perfected the mixture over time and even added spices anyone up for a fiery chocolate drink with stew peppers and cornmeal who knows maybe this beverage actually tasted well cocoa beans were sacred and used as a currency researchers believe all social classes got to enjoy it free chocolate for all sounds nice even today but where did the Mayas get clean water for their cocoa drinks from the the oldest known filtration system in the Western Hemisphere it was based on zeolite these are minerals that contain aluminum and silicone compounds and guess what modern air and water purifiers still use this material Mayan Tech wins yet again back in Europe Roger Bacon developed a sand filtration system in 1627 some 1,800 years after the Mayas but what about regions without rivers lakes or Springs Mayan Engineers had it all figured out Rainwater they would carve out large reservoirs in the Limestone Bedrock then they would coat these underground caves with a layer of a watertight material the final step was to make small channels that collected water from the hills above scientists estimated that just one of these reservoirs could hold on average 10,000 gallons of rainwater enough to fill 55 modern hot tubs strange and amazing items are discovered often but figuring out what our ancestors were up to is pretty tough especially when all you have are just some rusty cups and cave drawings it’s no surprise that even the experts in lab coats sometimes make mistakes but it’s not just about Dusty plates and huge Stones sometimes there’s even humans with large heads so grab your digging tools and let’s travel back to ancient times to explore incredible societies that even scientists can’t fully explain Sardinia may look at IC now but I’m not going to lie I wouldn’t fancy visiting it 3,000 years ago rumor has it terrible Giants roamed around this island back then people even talk about finding human skeletons over 13 ft tall there although nobody’s ever shown anything to prove it but the stories will make you wonder because some weird stuff has definitely happened in 1974 over 5,000 pieces of broken Stone artifacts were found in a part of the island called Mont drama but instead of being displayed in a museum they were locked up in an underground Vault for about 30 years sounds a bit suspicious doesn’t it when they were finally displaced in 2005 scientists put the pieces together to find statues of 38 giant men standing 8 ft tall not quite as tall as the legendary skeletons but still pretty huge it’s thought these statues were made by the nagic people who lived on the island a long time ago besides giant statues they also built over 8,000 massive Stone buildings perhaps new ragic weren’t Giants themselves but they definitely liked their things big I do too I like a big number of likes on our videos that would be pretty great thank you if you liked this and subscribed now back to the video you and I are pretty smart but we might not be the smartest humans ever actually we might not even be the smartest species since 193 some skull fossils found in South Africa have hinted at a possibly smarter Contender called boscop man this humanlike species might have lived as recently as 10,000 years ago their skull suggests they had really big heads which means their brains could have been 30% bigger than ours wow their average IQ could have been around 149 making them among the smartest 0.05% of people today but if a bosot brainiac was so much smarter why are they not around and we are well bigger isn’t always better you know our brains are a lot bigger than our ape relatives mainly in the prefrontal cortex this part helps with highlevel tasks like making decisions remembering things short term and being aware of ourselves the parts of the brain that handle our senses and movements haven’t really grown much so maybe the boss cops spent too much time dwelling on the path rather than doing practical things like hunting but this is all just guessing we really don’t know what happened to these clever cousins of ours some people even argue that boss Ops weren’t any different from us with the only evidence being parts of skulls the jungle is huge did you know the Amazon rainforest is home to about 30% of all the world’s planted animal species that’s impressive however the history of one native species humans has long puzzled scientists the mysterious casar robit people lived here for hundreds of years and then vanished around 1,400 ad people thought the Amazon only had a few scattered tribes but recently we discovered big unusual shapes in the ground called geoglyphs these might look like simple shallow ditches but they’re actually the remains of a vast civilization that spread over 5,000 square miles and includes about 450 markings some as wide as 1,300 ft that’s insane they likely contained ceremonial buildings and could have hosted up to a million people as recently as 550 years ago thanks to new technology like lidar which uses a safe laser to map the forest without harming it we can explore deeper in 2019 some scans showed miles of raised roads and Pathways and even pyramids over 70 ft tall they found 26 separate settlements two of which were at least 250 Acres each damn that’s like 330 soccer fields it’s not certain what happened to the casabi people maybe European conquistadors drove them out maybe the most baffling ancient civilization is one we’ve never actually found a trace of yep I’m talking about Atlantis the Grand City that supposedly sank into the ocean the first mentions of Atlantis come from the ancient Greek philosopher Plato who talked about a great City near the straight of Gibralter but for ages everyone just thought Plato made up Atlantis as a perfect version of his own Athens so why about 12,000 years after it supposedly vanished do we still wonder if it might be real well in the 19th century us Congressman Ignatius Donnelly wrote a book giving 13 reasons why he thought Atlantis was more than just a myth then in 1965 some folks thought they actually found Atlantis when they discovered the rot structure a massive 25m wide dome in morania Africa it’s so big that you can see the whole thing from space two astronauts flying over the Sahara Desert spotted this giant eye staring back at them and thought they’d made the discovery of a lifetime unfortunately there’s no solid evidence linking this structure to Atlantis it’s believed to have formed from volcanic activity about a 100 million years ago but it does look suspicious doesn’t it still we’re no closer to knowing the truth imagine going back to about 3,300 BCE and finding yourself in South Asia welcome to the Haren civilization these people were way ahead of their time they had cities like haraa and moeno daro complete with baked brick houses sophisticated drainage systems and even public baths this place might have had over 5 million people making it one of the densest regions at the time they also invented a system of standardized weights that was incredibly useful for Traders and trading they did these people had connections stretching all the way to the Middle East thanks to their great skills in Metallurgy they even had a form of ancient branding the seals were used to stamped Clay on Trey Goods despite being so Advanced with a thriving urban life there’s a whole bunch of mystery shrouding their language and script we’ve got bits and pieces of their writing but no one’s deciphered them yet even with all the technology we have today we also still don’t know how exactly their society worked it looks like they didn’t flaunt their social status as much as other civilizations no Grand palaces or massive monuments instead instead their largest buildings might have been greeneries they sure were practical unfortunately all good things must come to an end around 1,800 BCE this bustling civilization started to decline possibly due to shifts in River patterns as the environment changed the harapin packed up moving towards more hospitable lands ever heard of the minur the Beast with a bull’s head and a man’s body hunting the bravest Travelers in a massive maze well this wasn’t just any old tale it was one of the most popular dramas of the ancient world and it was inspired by this place the island of CIT the Minoans lived here during the Bronze Age they had stunning palaces amazing frescos and a culture so rich it still fascinates historians to this day they built places like canosos which was so complex with its multi-story buildings and elaborate hallways that it might have inspired the whole Labyrinth myth their engineering was so ahead of its time that even their drainage systems were more advanced than what many of us have today let me know in the comments which of these stories you find the most fascinating and thanks for watching solar eclipses are cosmic magic tricks during which the moon suddenly swallows the sun only they work not on Magic but on simple science let’s try to find out how exactly they work and how you personally can observe this fascinating event it all starts when the moon the Sun and the Earth line up in a straight line with the moon positioned directly between us and our favorite star this alignment is possible because the moon’s orbit around the Sun is slightly tilted relative to the Earth’s orbit around the sun solar eclipses only happen during new moons when the moon is closest to the earth in its orbit so when the alignment is just right the Moon Shadow is cast on the earth blocking the sunlight from reaching us imagine being in a room with a giant light switch but instead of turning the light off you just cover it with a big old Moon that’s basically the solar eclipse solar eclipses aren’t a regular occurrence and they only happen a few times each year the frequency of solar eclipses is determined by many things like the alignment of the Moon Sun and Earth and by the position of the Moon in its orbit around the Earth now there are three main types of solar eclipses total partial and annular a total solar eclipse occurs when the moon completely covers the sun’s disc and the sky becomes dark as if it were nighttime this phase can last for a few minutes to just over an hour depending on the distance between the Moon and the Earth at the time of the eclipse a total solar eclipse can only be visible from a specific region on the earth called the path of totality ooh this path is typically a narrow strip of land or sea and if you happen to be exactly in the right spot you’ll be able to enjoy this wonderful view unfortunately not everyone is so lucky to get to see a total solar eclipse sometimes the moon only covers part of the Sun in that case you’ll see a crescent-shaped Sun instead of a completely swallowed one that’s called a partial solar eclipse and if you’re really unlucky the moon might be too far away from the earth to completely cover the sun in that case you’ll see a bright ring of sunlight around the Moon silhouette that’s called an annular solar eclipse solar eclipses are some of the most spectacular celestial events that we can observe from Earth people have observed and studied them throughout history and they’ve played a significant role in our understanding of the Sun Moon and Earth for example we use them to measure the size and distance of the Moon and the Sun to study the solar ATM osphere and to test Einstein’s theory of general relativity solar eclipses have always been important to people so it’s not surprising that they’ve always been connected to different myths and superstitions some cultures saw them as a sign of dreadful things to come or a way to talk to their deities others thought they could be used to predict the future or Scare Away evil spirits all these beliefs show how much solar eclipses have meant to people there have been many fascinating memorable solar eclipses throughout history each with its own unique story or significance here are a few examples of some of the most mysterious cool or just famous solar eclipses the eclipse of fails is one of the most famous solar eclipses in history it’s said to have occurred in the year 585 bcee and it was reportedly predicted by the ancient Greek philosopher theils of malius according to Legend theils was able to predict the eclipse by observing the cycles of the Moon and his prediction is said to have amazed and frightened the people of the time the eclipse of tmic was a total solar eclipse that’s said to have occurred in the year 150 CE it’s famous because it’s mentioned in the writings of the ancient Greek astronomer tmic he used his observations of the Moon cycles to make his prediction which astonished and alarmed people of that time the eclipse of the century was a total solar eclipse that occurred on July ju 11th 1991 it was visible across a substantial portion of South America it was the longest total solar eclipse of the 20th century lasting for more than 6 and 1/2 minutes the eclipse of the pyramids was a total solar eclipse that occurred on March 20th 2015 and it was visible from parts of Europe Africa and the Middle East it got famous because it passed directly over the ancient pyramids of Giza in Egypt providing a unique opport opportunity for scientists and tourists to study the eclipse from this historic location and of course the Great American eclipse of 2017 it was a total solar eclipse that was visible across a large portion of the United States from coast to coast it was the first total eclipse visible from the contiguous Us in nearly 40 years and it attracted millions of Spectators and was widely covered by the media since they happen quite rarely you wouldn’t want to miss such a event fortunately we have a calendar of solar eclipses that will occur in the next few years the great North American eclipse of 2023 expected to be visible in a substantial portion of North America from the Pacific Northwest to the Great Lakes region it will be the first total eclipse visible from the United States since the Great American eclipse of 2017 the eclipse of the Andes of 2024 this one is expected to be visible across par parts of South America including parts of Chile and Argentina it will be the first total eclipse visible from South America since the eclipse of the century in 1991 the eclipse of the Arctic in 2025 this one will be visible in the Arctic part of our planet including parts of Canada and Greenland it will be the first total eclipse visible from the Arctic in nearly 100 years and the eclipse of the Pacific in 2026 this eclipse will be visible across parts of the Pacific Ocean including parts of Australia New Zealand and the United States it’s worth noting that the exact timing and visibility of these solar eclipses may change as more precise predictions are made also some other solar eclipses may also occur in the coming years don’t forget to check the details online but the most important question is how do we watch them the answer very carefully here’s some general tips use proper eye protection never never look directly at the sun even during an eclipse it’s not worth risking your side to observe a solar eclipse safely use things like certified solar eclipse glasses or a pinhole projector these devices allow you to view the eclipse without looking directly at the Sun and they help protect your eyes from the harmful effects of the sun’s Rays find a good viewing location to get the best view of a solar eclipse it’s important to find a location that is within the path of the eclipse and has a clear view of the sky use a camera or telescope if you have a camera or telescope with a solar filter you can use it to take pictures or observe the eclipse more closely just be sure to use a solar filter to protect your eyes and Equipment stay informed it’s important to be up to dat about the details of a solar eclipse including the exact timing location and type of eclipse this information can help you plan you’re viewing and ensure that you have the proper equipment and safety precautions in place that’s it simple isn’t it by following these tips you can enjoy observing solar eclipses safely and responsibly and if you do get to see a solar eclipse make sure to snap some pics and share them with your friends remember it’s a once-in-a-lifetime experience after [Music] all ever since Plato wrot about the allegory of Atlantis Humanity has been fascinated with the possibility of the discovery of a thriving underwater civilization fancy joining me on a trip to a few historic underwater sites let’s see what we can find out about ancient civilizations the first one on our list is what is being called the underwater Stonehenge scientists have recently discovered a mysterious pile of KS that stretch for miles under the shimmering Waters of Lake constant at the borders of Switzerland Germany and Austria archaeologists began to explore the site back in 2015 and they haven’t been able to understand yet what it was actually used for what they do know is that there is a 12m line of 170 human-made Stone Carns under Lake constant scientists say this was most likely the result of a a combined work of several Villages the Ken site was probably used for some collective purpose the formations are huge some of them are several dozen feet wide the most amazing Discovery so far is that the site dates back to around 5,500 years ago now what were we humans doing back then we were living in the prime years of the so-called Stone Age we were beginning to make artifacts from Stone and use them to hunt and eat can you imagine what a knife and fork might have looked like back in those days it’s no coincidence that scientists call this site the underwater Stonehenge though both sites are believed to have been built around the same period of time you see Stonehenge dates back to around 3,100 BCE both sites carry the distinct characteristic of stone monuments built in a circle not to men the fact that scientists also haven’t figured out why on Earth our early ancestors would feel the need to build a monument such a Stonehenge well the mystery of Lake constant hasn’t been solved yet who were the Neolithic people from this area and for what purpose did they go through such an amount of work and effort to build this huge Stone site next we’re taking you on a tour of the Riu Islands just off the coast of Japan you’re diving deep down to an archaeological site but I should warn you the Waters of the Pacific Ocean are far from smooth it doesn’t take long before you see a huge structure thanks to the sunlight shining down on the seabed at first it looks like Machu picchu’s ruins located across the globe in Peru as you approach the site you slowly figure out its forms a pyramid-shaped structure arches staircases it’s something that could have easily been a palace or a castle could this be a sign of human activity what you’ve just seen is known today as the yonaguni monument it also goes by the name of Japan’s Atlantis the entire Monument is about the size of five soccer fields and the height of a five-story building its most surprising feature is its expanse of terraces explorers and scientists believe believe that yonaguni might be 10,000 years old but whether it’s a human-made structure or a natural formation is still under debate for Japan’s top marine geologist Professor masaki Kimura yonaguni is the heritage of A Lost Civilization Kimura has dived to the bottom of the ocean to explore the ruins over 100 times over the past 10 years according to him there are clear signs of human activity down there on The Monument’s surface there is a triangle-shaped concave that is a historical symbol of water fountains in the region there’s also a giant turtle carved on the Eastern side of the structure and according to Kimura turtles have an important cultural meaning several pieces of stone tools have been recovered from the site their estimated age is around 10,000 years how however not all scientists support this theory for many yonaguni is the result of thousands of years of erosion the fact that the monument is composed of one massive Rock leads them to believe it’s not human-made the defined edges and flat surfaces resemble a natural formation in Northern Island known as the Giant’s Causeway the basalt columns look like the ruins of a palace but they’re actually the result of volcanic activity in the region now you’re flying to the coast of Greece 4 hours away from Athens more specifically you’re in the peloponese peninsula you dust off an old snorkel and head for a free dive on a bright sunny day sometime into the dive you start noticing patterns on a seabed 13 ft below the surface outlines of familiar objects start to appear one by one as you continue swiming swimming what looks like the outline of an entire city emerges in front of your eyes are you wondering how water could have taken the whole city rocks are perfectly aligned into what appears to be the foundation of a building this is Pavo Petri an ancient city you’ve probably heard about for the first time it was discovered by Nicholas Fleming a British oceanographer when he was on vacation in Greece he had heard rumors about Pavo petry’s existence and indeed found several artifacts on the seafloor he went back to the area a year later with the team they found a site filled with pots storage vessels and tools a curtain stone for instance is a tool used for grinding grains and turning them into flour multiple aoras indicate that this settlement dates back to the Bronze Age 5,500 years ago when people started Living in town the settlement is believed to have existed for over 2,400 years today paavo Petri is considered the oldest submerged Town ever discovered and what’s impressive is that it wasn’t a simple Village it was a vibrant Port City with stone buildings a Marketplace streets and even squares the next stop on our Voyage is one of today’s most famous underwater cities that has has been turned into an archaeological Park the city of Port Royal in Jamaica exists only below the surface but in 1692 it was one of the wealthiest cities in the Western Hemisphere Port Royal was the center of the British Empire at the time and an important trade City that attracted people from all over the region it was also home to real life Pirates of the Caribbean on the morning of June 7th 16 1992 the people of Port Royal met a different fate than they had probably expected the city woke up shaking people were thrown out of their beds by the power of a massive earthquake ranking 7.5 on a RoR scale One Survivor said he had seen Earth opening up and swallowing the whole town what he said could be true as the city was mainly built on Sand the ground swallowed buildings roads you name it geysers erupted and finally waves as big as 10-story buildings hit the city about 33 Acres of the city disappeared under the water amazingly most of its 17th century remains are still in good condition under 40 ft of water archaeologists have found taverns storage rooms kitchens and recreational buildings used for diverse purposes you can also see a grand lion statue a submerged bridge and many picturesque arches of course I saved the best for last India just off its Coast lies another sunken Marvel a site known as the lost city of cambay is located in the Gulf with a similar name it remained undiscovered until 2001 when the National Institute of Ocean Technology made a routine water assessment with the help of sonar technology which sends a wave sound to the Bottom of the Sea they found something far beneath the surface images showed well-defined geometric shapes spread along a 5m stretch The Remains date to more than 9,500 years ago meaning this civilization was lost at around the end of the Ice Age debris recovered from the site included construction material Pottery beads sculptures and even bones scientists argue whether these artifacts are indeed from the site but if they truly are then the lost city of C Bay might be the oldest civilization in the world