বই: বাংলার রেনেসাঁস
লেখক: অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায়
মূলভাষা: বাংলা
প্রকাশকাল: January 1, 1984
প্রকাশনা: আনন্দ পাবলিশার্স
বিষয়: বাংলা নবজাগরণ
Full Playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_StDp4Ci6a77DJ0MqP7wZogKtiaTiUtO&si=GfszaQl0i0giJXrr
Timestamps:
0:00 – Intro
0:12 – চতুর্থ পরিচ্ছেদ (“রেনেসাঁসের নবপর্যায়”)
“বাংলার রেনেসাঁস” অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায়ের একটি বিখ্যাত ইতিহাস গ্রন্থ। এটি উনবিংশ শতাব্দীর বাংলায় সংঘটিত নবজাগরণের ব্যাপক ও সুগঠিত আলোচনা।
প্রধান বিষয়বস্তু:
উনবিংশ শতাব্দীর বাংলার সামাজিক, সাংস্কৃতিক ও ধর্মীয় পরিস্থিতি
নবজাগরণের পূর্ববর্তী সময়কালের প্রভাব
রাজা রামমোহন রায়, ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বিদ্যাসাগর, মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত, দ্বারকানাথ ঠাকুর, বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়, রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর প্রমুখ নবজাগরণের পুরোধাদের জীবন ও কর্ম
নবজাগরণের বিভিন্ন শাখা – সাহিত্য, সমাজ, ধর্ম, শিক্ষা, বিজ্ঞান
নবজাগরণের প্রভাব।
বইটির গুরুত্ব:
বাংলা নবজাগরণের সর্বপ্রথম ব্যাপক ও সুগঠিত আলোচনা
সহজবোধ্য ও আকর্ষণীয় ভাষাশৈলী
বিতর্কিত বিষয়গুলোর নিরপেক্ষ ও যুক্তিসঙ্গত বিশ্লেষণ
বাংলা সাহিত্য ও ইতিহাসের এক অমূল্য সম্পদ
উল্লেখযোগ্য দিক:
অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় নবজাগরণকে একটি ব্যাপক ও সমন্বিত আন্দোলন হিসেবে দেখেছেন।
তিনি নবজাগরণের বিভিন্ন দিকের মধ্যে সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করেছেন।
তিনি নবজাগরণের পুরোধাদের জীবন ও কর্মের সুন্দর চিত্রায়ণ করেছেন।
তিনি নবজাগরণের প্রভাব ও গুরুত্ব বিশ্লেষণ করেছেন।
উপসংহার:
“বাংলার রেনেসাঁ” বাংলা নবজাগরণ সম্পর্কে জানার জন্য একটি অপরিহার্য বই।
#বাংলার_রেনেসাঁস
#অন্নদাশঙ্কর_রায়
#বাংলা_অডিও_বুক
#পুস্তক_কীট
#audiobook
You are listening to “Bangla Renaissance” written by Annadashankar Roy on Pustak Keet channel. Today is the fourth episode “Renaissance”… History can be seen anew, rewritten, but what has happened cannot be changed at will.
National pride is hurt, social pride is hurt, but it is better to accept that India is not an inexhaustible, eternal, eternal being. He has passed through glory, disgrace, light, darkness, rise, fall, freedom, and subjugation. The same can be said about European countries.
History is not only a history of continuous good fortune, but also a history of misfortune. Bad luck has to be conquered. But it has to be accepted that misfortune has happened. Misfortune in human affairs is not unmixed misfortune. Even dark clouds have a silver lining.
The renaissance of Bengal was the silver lining in that dark cloud of subjugation. Bengal was a part of India. So that was the renaissance of India. Although it started in Bengal, it was not limited there. Gradually spread across India.
The era that extends from Rammohan to Rabindranath extends not only from decade to decade, but from province to province. Bharatendu Harishchandra of Hindi literature, Fakirmohan Senapati of Oriya literature, Lakshminath Bejbarua of Assamese literature are also heroes of the Renaissance era. After six years of Rabindranath’s Tirodhana, subjugation also ended.
Post-Rabind and post-British are roughly the same age. We who were born in the early part of this century have passed from one age to another. But the life of those born in independent India is not a transition from darkness to light like ours.
How can they be made to understand that the moon rises in the dark night sky and the ten directions are flooded with astrology. I don’t know how the sun even rose. The Renaissance was indeed a silver lining.
However, the people of that time did not want to believe that there could be a renaissance in a subjugated country. Even if you believe it, it is useless. Since its creation status and dissolution are in the bourgeois class.
Like the English, the bourgeoisie has reached its end of life. Their renaissance will die with them.
There are many accounts of foreign invasions in the pages of history, but nowhere is it written that a merchant company of the seven seas first established three ports on the coast of India namely Madras, Bombay and Calcutta, then built three forts to defend itself while trading from those three ports. Later he got involved in the politics of the three regions, later formed three regional governments by trickery, finally surrounded the whole of India from three sides and established a single empire.
Our king Badshara was a one-eyed deer. They never dreamed that an enemy could come by sea, that a sea port could be a base for a foreign navy, that land power could come from sea power, that the mighty Mughal army and the formidable Maratha army could succumb to a handful of white goons.
But analysis shows that it was actually the defeat of a power three centuries ahead of a power three centuries behind in the pursuit of modern knowledge. If these factional powers had not lost their strength in war with each other, they might have maintained independence like Japan despite being behind.
But strife is in their bones. Even after two centuries of subjugation, they did not learn to unite. As a result, with independence, the country became divided into two parts. This is nothing new in our history. Rather, this is normal for us.
India has never been a self-governing state unless one Rajachakravarti and all were defeated in war. But they were not Rajachakravarti Saudagar Shiromani. Mughal emperors are Kshatriyas by nature, not Vaishyas by nature. The East India Company was ruled by the Vaishya Raj.
They brought Vaishya Yuga to India. In their homeland the Kshatriya age had come to an end, the plot remained Kshatriya but the character was Vaishya. The seat of power is a group of landowners, but the ropes of power are held by the group of capitalists and industrialists.
The Church or Brahmin power submitted to the State or Kshatriya power. Again the state or Kshatriya Shakti also submitted to the joint power of Parliament or Kshatriya Vaishya. As a result, there was no more unity than there was among the Ingadwipi Brahmin Kshatriya Vaishyas. France, Germany, etc. countries are plagued with self-conflict.
The background of the Renaissance in Italy and later in France, Spain and England is not the same as the background of the Renaissance in our country. The reason for not being one is not that they were free during the Renaissance and we were subjugated during the Renaissance.
Their renaissance took place before the Vaishya Yuga, our Renaissance after the beginning of the Vaishya Yuga. This distinction needs to be well remembered. Our Renaissance heroes belong to the bourgeois class. Their Renaissance heroes were not yet identified as bourgeois. Their patrons are the aristocracy of their country.
The Church was also an early patron, but became disaffected after discovering the nature of the Renaissance. Science came from the Renaissance. And science does not advance a single step without logic. And reasoning is the nature of which he can never accept scriptures without words.
The philosophy of life of the Greeks comes in literature and painting. That way of life does not match the Christian way of life. Philosophy is separated from Dharmashastra. Disputes between posts. But the elites of those countries were just as partisan at the beginning of the Renaissance as they were at the end.
There was no conflict between the Renaissance philosophy and the Knights’ philosophy of life. Their lives became richer as a result of the Renaissance. They went to the theater. Watch the performance. go to university Read Greek literature. He sat in the observatory and observed the planets and stars through a telescope.
He went to the studio and encouraged artists to draw and build in Greek ideals. He went to the workshop and trained the artisans to make a variety of souvenirs. The bourgeoisie, followed by the aristocracy, later became patrons of the Renaissance. But they were more attached to the Church than the nobility.
A sea change took place in England long before the 16th century Renaissance fell into the 19th century. Bourgeoisie class is sitting on alert. The Kanchan Kulin of the Bourgeois class left behind the theater goers, the readers and consumers of books, the buyers of art, the inventors of consumer goods.
This Kanchan beauty was imported to this country in the late eighteenth century after Palashi. The new zamindars bought the old zamindari under the sunset law. They are big people who are moneylenders and traders. It is appropriate to call them Kanchankulin instead of elite. No matter what their caste is, they are different.
Madras, Bombay and Calcutta, established commercial centers in the 17th century, became administrative centers in the 18th century. Then in the 19th century it became a center of education and culture. Among the three, Calcutta is the foremost because the capital of all India is established in Calcutta.
Although the location of this city is in East India, the entire North India came under the control of the British from this center. Wherever the English goes, the Bengali also goes there. A Bengali was the assistant commander of the British in the cultural victory.
It increases its value and does not decrease the book. But this relationship of honor at the turn of the century gradually became dishonorable after the Sepoy Mutiny. Kipling’s ‘Hari Chander Mukherjee’ crime he wants to be the equal of Saheb. Assistant Commander-in-Chief whether to become Commander-in-Chief. Hand on the moon as a dwarf.
Assistant Commander-in-Chief whether to become Commander-in-Chief. Hand on the moon as a dwarf. The leadership of Bengalis in Sahebkheda movement created a new history. But the renaissance is already over. He falls between two fires. Imperialism vs Nationalism. Revivalism, not renaissance, gave rise to nationalism.
Revival refers to the adaptation of modern India to the ideals of ancient India. But is ancient India only Arya Bharat? Vedic India? Even before that there was ancient Arya-Purva India. Our revivalists did not know that there was an earlier civilization called the Indus Civilization, which had progressed far ahead of the Aryans.
Excavations at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa have revealed two unparalleled cities. Vedic Aryas have not found any achievements. Excavations are still ongoing and new evidence is being discovered all the time. The spread of that civilization was not limited to Sindh. Its expansion extended further east beyond Rajasthan and further south beyond Kathiabard.
It is not unreasonable to assume that these pre-Vedic Praaryas were in conflict with the Vedic Aryas, as the Vedas are full of descriptions of wars. If the enemies were not invincible, there was no need to praise the gods for slaying them. Why not revival of Indus civilization, if revival is the goal?
Then Arya Bharat was not sovereign either. Aryavarta is his limitation. Beyond that was Bengal, beyond that was the Deccan. And its duration is not more than a thousand years. Aryan India was followed by Mauryan India. Mixed India of Arya Anarya. Its rights are almost pan-India. Its influence extends beyond India.
By then anti-Vedic Buddhism Jainism had congregated and converted the kingdom. After Mauryan India, what is commonly known as Hindu India was mixed at its estuary with Greeks and Persians, Shakas and Kushans, Huns and various Mongol tribes. Some of them came from the northeast, some from the north. Ancient India refers to pre-Muslim India.
In this India, the conflict between the Brahminical tradition and the Buddhist and Jain traditions came to a head. Brahminical tradition prevailed, but for a few more days. Soon the Islamic Arab Turkic Mughals came. The Christian Portuguese came from the opposite direction when the Moguls arrived. He is followed by English, French, Danish, Dutch.
German also came, but could not settle due to domestic strife. Ahoms come from the east. Ahoms adopted Shakta and Vaishnava initiations and Sanskrit names. But others do not. This resulted in the emergence of an entity called Muslim India. Later British India, French India, Portuguese India also emerged.
The revivalists wanted the end of these last three Indias. Everyone knows it. But what Muslim India wanted? If you want to, then what will happen with the blame of the Muslim revivalists? Muslim India is a glory to the Muslims no matter how disrespectful it is to the Hindus.
To make Muslim India different from Hindu India, the country also has to be divided. Bharat Bhag is the inevitable result of thinking about the past. Even after this, if one thinks of revival, it must be said that he wants to break the fragmented India of today into pieces.
After all that, will he return to glory? can’t return Because he has exhausted his life. If he comes a second time, he will go a second time. The average period is maybe twenty to thirty years. Renaissance and Revival have been used in two distinct senses in our nineteenth and twentieth century history.
All bearers and bearers of the Renaissance were English educated. Many have visited England. Some have taken shelter there. They maintained constant and unbroken connection with contemporary European thought. It can be understood only by reading the periodicals edited by them. Konti is published in English, Kolti is a modern Indian language.
But not even in Sanskrit. It does not mean that they did not know or read Sanskrit. They respected and loved the ancient culture and wanted to preserve it. But how do you reconcile an ancient epistemology that stopped long before it could grow with a growing modern epistemology?
If the Christian Church could do that, it would not have burned so many philosophers and scientists. Modern epistemology is not unconscious. materialism practical knowledge To accept him as true is to say goodbye to ancient epistemology. At least it needs to be re-checked and refined.
Modern epistemology is not excluded because it came from abroad, it is not illegal because it came with foreigners, it is not repulsive because it came with conquerors, it is not contaminated with Western guilt because it came from the West. West is a directional or patriotic word. Modern is a temporal or temporal word.
If we are the people of modern times or modern era, then we have to keep pace with our times, we have to match our feet with our era. Because I love Kalidasa, I can’t breathe in Kalidasa’s life. Because I love Ramayana, I cannot feel the similarity of mind with the era of Ramayana.
I sympathize more with the heroes and heroines of Tolstoy’s novels. Browning’s poetry moves me more than that. No one is enthusiastic about uprooting, let it be rooted in the soil of tradition.
If there is a country, it will have roots. May he be the original Arya and Arya Purva. Similarly, if there is tomorrow, it should bloom in different seasons.
In each century, one must follow the same ideal or theory. In French literature, there is an ‘ism’ in a decade. Literature or painting does not liven up if there is no innovation.
There is nothing new for him whose life-stream is dried up. For juice, for form, for ideas, for knowledge, we have to go to modern Western literature or art. If we rely only on what we get from our ancestors, we too will run out or become old within a few days.
I will write novels but I will not read English or French or Russian novels, I will read only Kadambari and Daskumarchari. If such a fatwa is issued, the development of novels will be stopped, and whoever writes them will also be unwanted in the court of world literature.
Revivalists could offer nothing that their forefathers had not provided. Imitation of the past is also a form of imitation. After the restoration of independence the need for revivalism was over. But its proponents firmly believe that they are in control of the future of independent India.
Future India will be cast in the mold of ancient India. Even if you get freedom from the hands of foreigners, you will not get freedom from the hands of the past.
Myths should be read without reading history, mythical battles should be called historical battles, mythical battlefields should be called historical battlefields, mythical heroes should be called historical heroes. This illusion can be observed in the research of some historians.
They lacked patronage in subjugated India. Now they are superior. It is noteworthy to unite philosophy with theology just as history is united with mythology. The University of Marburg separated the two even four and a half centuries ago. Only philosophy was introduced in Indian universities.
Now the tiger of philosophy is nesting in the tiger’s house of theology. Again, I see that the zamindars of the Mughal and British periods were eradicated, and the dynasties of the Hindu period were ruthless. Who is allowing the Kshatriya class of ancient India to revive?
To destroy them is the religion of the age. That work is going on in the country. They were saved for so long because Nehat was under the shelter of England.
The English aristocracy sympathized with them. If the Kshatriya class does not do Yagaya and meditation, the ground is removed from the feet of the Brahmin class. Brahmottar and Devottar lands come under Land Reforms Act. Then Vaishya varna and Shudra varna are left. The rich and the workers. Jotdar and Cultivator.
Those in positions of power want to avoid class conflict. Mahatma Gandhi also gave the mantra and advice of trusteeship. Revival would have fulfilled the ambitions of the Vaishya caste, but not the grievances of the Shudra caste. If they rebel, there is neither Rama nor Ayodhya to suppress them.
Shambukadah is not obligatory on the part of Shudras. His sights are now on Russia and China. For example, the eyes of the world are on America. No, no one is proud to look west anymore. Mecca for Muslims, Moscow for working class regardless of Hindus and New York for rich.
Every day, floral planes fly in the sky to both ends of the Western Hemisphere. Today the western hemisphere is also divided into two ends. East end and West end. America is a capitalist country in the west. To the east are socialist countries such as Russia.
Just as Kipling used to say that the East and the West will never meet in the cosmos, a group of writers say that the East and the West will never meet.
At that time, as Rabindranath believed that the East and the West were complementary to each other, that they would meet on the shores of the Great Man, even then another group of literature dreamed that the East and the West would not descend into the Third World War, but would reconcile before that.
His symptoms were seen in the city of Helsinki that day. There are two words in French. Anatat and Detanat. Remember, not dental. The lunar point is above the head of the first letter.
For the time being, the two superpowers are far from being in conflict. Apollo’s alliance with Soyuz in space is a distant glimpse of possibility. If revivalism can breathe in this changed environment, it must be a great force. Nothing can be forced. Who knew Goethe’s Germany would one day become Nazi.
Hitler’s party was neither Kshatriya nor Brahmin. Due to the interaction of various causes, one section of the Shudras formed an alliance against the alliance of another section. If the Communists were not so strong in Germany, the Nazis would not be so strong.
Political mathematicians were also out of calculation as to who would be stronger in the conflict between strong and strong. At the last minute, the Nazis were heavily favored. One of the reasons for that is the blind faith in pure blood and deep anti-Semitism.
The Jews of Germany also had a superstition of pure Semitic blood and an early loyalty to the homeland. India also has similar complications. Cycles within cycles. Chakra within it. Bourgeois who are said to be united or not?
Is there such a big enemy of each other? So many political murders, who killed and died? There is no explanation for this in class theory. May lie in ideology. As killed and died the same class of Hindu Muslims. Ideology is also a kind of religion.
One day a gentleman asked me, “Is there a Renaissance or not?” It is difficult to answer in one word. If he had, he would have seen it himself. What is the value of my testimony if you can’t see it? So far I can say that Rammohan, Rabindranath’s ideology has not yet dried up.
Even if it dries up later, the interstitium will still be floating in the cavity. Counter-Renaissance is also not unknown in Renaissance history. When the turn changes, the inner values also change. Not everyone tolerates it. They are rebels. The liberation of the intellect is also terrifying to many.
For them devotion is better than reason. Even if ideology replaces theology and becomes one with philosophy or claims one, the Renaissance loses its significance. Even if the names of prominent revolutionary leaders are erased or events are suppressed in the writing of history, the Renaissance is hindered in its course.
Self-made modern myths are also myths. The objective is the glorification of his new dynasty and novel evangelism. It will be difficult for future historians to grasp the essence of real history if no history other than the official one is published. The scientific progress of post-revolutionary countries is astonishing.
For that we salute them with our hats off. But if philosophy and theology become one again, we shall return to the old days of the University of Marburg. Similarly, if mythology and history become identical again, then again we will go back four centuries.
Science and technology will continue to pull forward and theology and mythology backward – educated people will be disoriented in this conflict. Bourgeois supremacy is on the verge of collapse. The happiness of flogging a dead horse will not last long.
Then the question will arise, on which truth will the new renaissance be founded? Is that just the truth of science? Isn’t philosophy true with technology? Isn’t history true? In these cases, theology and mythology will sit again? The truth of art is also a kind of truth?
Evangelism or theology is not his work. If the artist is not given the freedom he needs, what he creates is formal creation without identity. Creation is not a mistake of creation. The symptoms of this are seen in the country. It can also be seen in this country, unless some artists protect their freedom.
Many countries and history have given wonderful opportunities to those who believe that a renaissance cannot happen in bourgeois times. The background is now ready for a new renaissance of the socialist era. Blaming the courtyard will no longer work in this era. Now to show the dance.
Those who watch the dance will applaud in one sentence, “Kothaya lage Shakespeare in Goethe”. Soviet Russia also paid homage to the literature of bourgeois Russia without being able to show it. Dostoyevsky and Chekov were lifted. Tolstoy is respected by all.
Does not rank Gorky higher than Turgenev. Understands the value of rasa, the value of form. But just as justice to them is a matter of joy, justice to the living is also desirable. Perhaps the thing is the subject. The condition is posthumous blackness. Who does not want to claim kinship with the eternal!
History has given independent India the opportunities it did not give to subjugated India. The opportunity which was not given to the working peasantry of independent India will be given later in the socialist era.
In those who could not lift their heads and open their mouths under the Brahmin Kshatriya Vaishyas for nearly three thousand years, there is unspoiled potential. Like them, I also want to fully express and develop their hidden potential.
The difference is only here, will it be a gradual evolution like England, or an overnight revolution like Russia and China? If it is revolutionary, will it be non-violently in Gandhi’s way, or violently in Lenin’s way? Be that as it may, in any case, the speed of history is in that direction.
But Gandhi’s approach will be non-violent, or Lenin’s approach will be violently? There is one thing Anksya Bama Gati. This probably applies to society as well. Society is also moving to the left. The pace of Bamai society.
I can see Shudra awakening and women awakening with my own eyes. If I live a little longer I will see more widely.
But what we want to see is not only the leftward movement of power, not only the leftward movement of wealth, but also the leftward movement of knowledge, the leftward movement of juice, the leftward movement of form. Not only the left movement of science, but also the left movement of various departments of culture.
Now it is not the yard’s fault, it is the fault of those who will dance.
The background is being prepared for a renaissance, but the background is not everything. Where is the assembly of artists and philosophers, humorists and thinkers, without whom the Renaissance is like Hamlet without the Prince of Denmark! Maybe it’s not time yet.
The bourgeois, apparently, do not enter the stage because they are across the stage. Truth and falsehood will be understood after another twenty-thirty years. If that renaissance is true, this renaissance will not be false.
That will be the new phase of this endless renaissance. It is not possible to perceive the nature of the new phase from now on. But it should not end up in mere classism or classism. Those who enter the stage of the Renaissance must see the high drama. Not a journey or farce.
They should also write classics. They should also be supervisors. They also have to be profound seekers of knowledge. They also do not unite history and philosophy with mythology and theology. They will also have this difference between Konta being logical and Kolta being devoted.
Just as East and West complement each other, as ancient and modern complement each other, so the Renaissance will complement this Renaissance.
The heroes of the renaissance of the 20th century will be those who feel that in order to show any new work in any department of life, freedom of thought and imagination, freedom of observation and examination, freedom of belief and unbelief, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of judgment and conscience are required.
The fundamental conviction of all freedoms is the absolute value of the individual. Who is the person again? Society is everything. Who is the person again? The state is everything. Who is the person again? Nation is everything. Who is the person again? Aryan blood or Semitic blood is all.
Who is the person again? Class is everything. If there is this anti-individual collectivist attitude, there is no Renaissance. Like a flash of lightning, his eye-catching brilliance vanished instantly. It does not burn day and night like an electric lamp. The Renaissance highly valued individuality.
The individual gives new thoughts, new juices, new meditations, new forms. Buddha or Jesus, Homer or Kalidas, Confucius or Plato, Hippocrates or Charak, Avicenna or Galileo, Shakespeare or Michelangelo, Voltaire or Rousseau, Marx or Freud, Einstein or Gandhi, each of them is a person. Deo is not separate from society or from caste.
The Renaissance of the 16th century did not cause revolutions or revolutions overnight, but the value it placed on the individual resulted in the change and evolution of conventional values. On the ground that change has been revolutionary. There was no such thing as revolutionary everywhere. Was there anything revolutionary that will not happen anywhere?
But no one can calculate how far the old price will change once it starts changing. Even the heroes of the Western Renaissance did not know that in determining the truth of science they were undermining the radical reformation of the people and thereby losing the authority of the Church.
Without a chapter called Renaissance, there would not have been another chapter called Enlightenment, without it, there would not have been another chapter called French Revolution, without it, there would not have been another chapter called Russian Revolution.
The industrial revolution also falls within this tradition. Those who avoided one kind of revolution could not avoid another kind of revolution. But the irony of blindness is that the value of the individual has been reduced in the eyes of the society or the country or the state or the nation or the class.
If he could not form a congregation or group, the individual was as weak as he was weak or even more helpless. So in times of crisis we have to remember that eternal God. If you remember God, the argument arises again, how is this humanism that acknowledges God?
Since the Renaissance, the term humanism has been around. The object was also among Buddhists and Bauls. was also among the ancient Greeks. Humanism, however, was overwhelmed by the overwhelming flood of devotional religion.
This is philosophical humanism. Philosophy is also based on science. Science is also based on observation and testing. The doors and windows of the mind were not open to the mystical or the supernatural. God will then come through which way? Library, laboratory, abazavetori with any yard?
That said, humanists are not all atheists. Some are still theists. Most are atheists or agnostics. Brahmajigyna is not included in the human question? Do people only have intellect, not intuition? Telescopes and microscopes are needed as not everything can be seen with the eyes.
What is more distant than far? What is more subtle than subtle? Is there infinity beyond the limit? What is invisible behind the visible? All questions are resolved by reasoning? So all the humanists were inspired by the Renaissance, but those who did not cut ties with religion were also humanists.
The number of people who are known as humanists but Christians is also not small. If the Renaissance has come to an end, especially in Europe, is it because the historical needs of the bourgeois class have ended?
Or is there any other reason? It may also be that as a result of the overuse or misuse of the power that the Renaissance has given man to churn nature, there is a murmur along with the nectar, but there is no blue voice to contain that murmur.
The sky, air, water and land are all poisoned. It will go where it has not gone. A world maddened with violence is not conducive to renaissance. Jealousy is not new in human history, but such callous heartless impersonal violence was not seen before World War II.
It will culminate in the Third World War, unless the drunkards voluntarily lay down their arms. If he does, it will be a moral revolution. Then it will be seen how high people can rise. Man’s moral being is not incompatible with the Renaissance.
Rather, it can be said that slavery was abolished for the Renaissance. That moral being of the world man will one day lead him to disarmament as well. If you cling to old values that are falling like dead leaves, new values are denied the chance they deserve.
All their loins may not be gold on the hard rock of good and evil, but they must be tested and open to them until they are found to be evil. Without this open mind, there is no renaissance. An open mind is essential as is an open society.
In our Middle Ages there was no open mind, no open society. The glory of the modern age is that the mind is now open, the society is now open.
But again if the open society is closed in the name of revival or in the name of self-sufficiency or in the name of revolution then what will remain to be called modernity of the modern age is that name. Where will qualitative modernity disappear? Qualitative modernism also respects ancient culture.
Also respects medieval culture. Old classics or old cathedrals or old temples or old mosques are also loved by modernists. The portion of humanists that are atheists also loves old wine. Also old pictures or idols. There is no one in Kalapahar era who would destroy a kirti by calling it untrue or inauspicious.
The ruins of each chapter that human evolution has traversed so far are being carefully preserved for posterity. So that the descendants do not lose their relationship with the ancestors. At times there have been breakdowns. Nevertheless, the search for continuity continues.
It may be found in artisanal crafts. Starting from Harappan Mohenjo-daro till today, the main livelihood of the people of this country is agriculture and handicrafts. Is there a continuity between the folk songs, folk tales, fairy tales, legends, proverbs etc. created by those who were and are there?
I think it is similar between pottery craft and stone craft. Our focus is not usually on folklore or folklore. A new renaissance can also happen from his practice. It is the renaissance of public opinion. Perhaps that new renaissance will come not from without, not from above, not from the past, but from below.
Come from the bottom and come from the inside. I have extended my hand towards him. You were listening to the Renaissance of Bengal written by Annadashankar Roy. You all will be well and everyone around you will be well.