Aink paper clip I’m saving that somebody gave me and you know it’s good because it’s called an oat I’m saving this and a minute all right something else I’m forgetting to tell you so qu Mar question on that second part of chapter n 19 and then we and then we attack
SP why they why they hat us okay so where do we quit yesterday did we get to oh we got the propaganda all right oh so what is that curve called when you get out of the bus you start going up again what is that curve
Called what has to happen to get the country out of government action to stimulate what demand demand and conservative or liberal which one is more focused on demand side econom so conservative is supp yeah that’s where you get supply side we’ll get to kton I’ll draw you another table
Oh job for someone in my story and oh so unions what is it called by using economies a scale for the workers to unify to get one contract what is that called CL bargaining if they don’t do it then strike and what was in May May 1st
1886 there was a general strike for what 8 and which Union wanted the 8 hour work day the strike for an 8 hour work day yeah the AFL the knights were opposed which one was a more which which the Knights of the FFL kind of accepted capitalism just wanted better wages better
And and what is called where all workers what kind of Union is that where all workers are in industrial industrial Union so let’s go and get to that I looked into the light people don’t look into the light don’t do it it’s close so we got scabs we got
Yellow dog Pinkerton we got all the way through all right so these are ways to intimidate and stop unions and they’re very effective and for a short time there was some pro-union law for the most part the United States has been pretty anti-union that’s part of the reason why there were
So many strikes Etc you we’re not like France or Germany or the Netherlands so let’s get oh one more thing so here’s a classic example of trying to convince workers that paper hat even when nobody was wearing a paper hat by the 1890s they still draw through
Labor with a paper half and don’t listen to Anarchist AKA labor unions and so the homestead still strike is a classic example of putting this all together we’re going to call it a strike but it really wasn’t much of a strike this is a Carnegie steel outside of Pittsburgh in Homestead Pennsylvania so
Lots of coal there that’s why they do the that’s why they do steel Carnegie ran but Carnegie wanted to keep the reputation of being a philanthropist going so he turned over management to his second in command Henry Clay Frick that’s Frick right there and Frick will become one of the most infamous
Robber barons his Mansion right right next to to Central Park is now he you know had all this money he collected art it’s now a museum go to the frick house it’s really kind of amazing some of the greatest pain in world history but it’s also because he became so rich doing
Things like what’s going to happen here they wanted to break up The Amalgamated skill workers union and Carnegie didn’t want to look back so he went to Scotland on this glorious trip back to his his home country his where his birth country while brick did a lock down a lockout they
Begin to produce a bunch more Steel and then locked out the union to break the union so the amimated still Workers Union had forced a contract and Carnegie was worried that Union would spread to other steel mills in the Carnegie chain and he wanted to break it
He wanted to destroy them forc them to take whatever contract he gave so as you can imagine Cay raise prices in The Company Store Etc and they also surrounded the with Barb Wire fences the brand new barb wire Pinkerton were brought in we got Pinkerton here as thugs
Basically armed guards with rifles even had a couple older Civil War Eric cannon with makeshift grape shop so they basically just made bags they put bags of a bunch of hunks of metal and they stuck that in to fire like this horrible uh shotgun to try to basically intimidate the union and they
Even bought two brand new weapons called Maxim guns anybody know what a Maxim gun is say it again machine and and so this was a major effort they knew the union would fight back and then oh I jumped the gun here the plan was to bring strike Breakers or scabs in in as
The union called them in to run the mill to keep it going if the union would not give up the their the union would not give up the workers would not give up their Union and they’re going to bring him up by boat the Pinkerton open fire
On workers who were trying to keep them from Landing this is the picture of it right here and in a gunfight that happened including firing one of those cannons over 20 people would be killed mostly workers and over a 100 would be wounded in some way a bloody fight but
The Pinkerton had to turn away and the scals would not be allowed in so the workers and here is showing you see what whatever makhi rifles people have well frck then said to the governor of Pennsylvania out please send in you send in the the the new National
Guard but the governor refused because public sympathy despite news reports claiming that the union were a bunch of Anarchist public opinion was with the workers this was a lockout to break the union to get lower pay workers could put themselves most people could put themselves in opposition and I should
Add nobody like Frick carnegi didn’t like Frick that’s part of the reason why that freck in charge so Frick would be blamed but then despite public sympathy an anarchist decided to uh the anti and tried to assassinate frick frick was able to to uh to beat off the attacker and survived he was
Knif face slash but public didn’t turn it went from the workers are fighting the good fight to bomb throwing amist overnight and so this foolish move by this Anarchist terrorist who would be caught and executed courts didn’t not mess around with capital punishment then all of a sudden this is going to
Force public opinion to be turned the government would send in the National Guard and the union would be broken all the leaders of the Union will be put what do you call that where you put all the names names of troublemakers or yeah they were blacked which actually it’s
Blacklisted as a verb blacklisted they couldn’t get another job the union would be broken their pay would be cut they contined the same work schedule of one day a week off they got Sunday off and two holidays Fourth of July and Christmas 12 hour shifts sometimes longer and the union was broken now
Carnegie did feel guilty and built them one of the the most beautiful Opera Houses in the world for the workers so after their 12h hour shift I guess they can go watch the Opera so that’s philanthropy Carnegie’s reputation would be hurt by this this is part of the
Reason why he would really get into the gospel of wealth and when JP Morgan would offer a deal to buy up him and other steel companies under a holding company called us steel Carnegie sold this and would become the richest man in the world in today’s terms a multi-billionaire once again it’s hard
To put dollars today and then but incredibly well and that’s when he start would give two libraries and his version of philanthropy but Pittsburgh was steel town and also one of the most polluted towns in the world because of all the especially the coal and everything in
Coal I should add the symbol for us still in when they started putting uh they started putting their um their mascot or their symbol on sides of helmets in football Pittsburgh stealer the Pittsburgh Steelers bought the symbol for us steel so anything about the NFL the Steelers that was the symbol of us
Steel the funny thing is the series were so cheap they only paid for the copyright on one side of the helmet the other side was blank to the 1970s that just makes me last so homestad would be a classic example of how they would do anything possible to break the you now
There’s one more really big strike we have to get to but we have to kind of move it on because there’s a bunch of events happening it’s called the pment right two years later and so we got to set it up with other events going on but
This is why they would call the union they literally call these this battles the carnivals of Revenge car Capital versus labor and capital would be as ruthless as you could imagine to keep workers wages down in control and there would be sabotage fighting mass arrest this is why part going into the 20th
Century it really looked worldwide but in in the United States that there might be a revolution and they remember the great upheaval it would not be into the New Deal the 1930s that there would be a truly Pro labor union president and Unions would explode and
With that wages and you would get a time in American history where wages for most workers was actually going up and the gap between the rich and the poor would shrink it’s not like that now but the Gap was shrinking and so what come back to that obviously a little bit later and
So like I said all these other events are going on so we got to get back into the timeline and so we got to get to guilded age politics and populism so it it bits into a labor union but what was going on then outside of this and this
Was an ERA where you have the first real Reform movement and the roots of liberal economics populism has a definition people misuse it all the time time and it is this concept the populism kind of grasp roots and I use this in quotes because what are Ordinary People you but
They felt ignored they felt the elite were cheating them and there were elements of that remember the laws the way they’re fitting especially the way the treatment was after 1873 wait till 1893 and these this populism Grassroots starting from the roots to reform capitalism would eventually come up with
A a Massy political movement and a effort to almost successful third party called The People’s Party yet everybody called it the populace and this was a hodge podge of different groups but you might see the Knights of Labor remember they’re the ones crushed they would become the remnants of that would join
This people’s or populist Party People misuse populists all the time today today and there’s a it became a very big thing in politics to for those representing very kind of wealthy interest to come up with some way to get working people to join them and they’ll call it populist you might remember the
Law cabinet hard cider campaign remember way back when William Henry Harrison and the wigs tried to do that to take to lose the appeal of the Democrats with Dave Crockett and you see it through today so this idea to reform capitalism did not begin it did not begin in the cities or
In workers or where the monopolies were it began on the farms as an agrarian Revolt because farmers were so susceptible to Market forces and they felt that nobody was representing them both political parties were ignoring them the Democrats were all over the place and the Republican party was
Becoming more and more the party of big business so the Republican Party had shifted a lot from the 1850s to the 1880s and more and more it’s going to start on the F the feeling is it got to reform capitalism or else who knows what will come out of
That in fact that would be the argument capitalist you better give to reform or you’re going to get socialist or a dictatorship one of the two and so let’s get to The Agrarian problems and the agrari problems one we’ve talked about many times de farmers are always in debt everyone’s in debt
But farmers and the big thing is remember they get their crop they can sell it basically one time a year and they have one bad year the debt cycle begins and that’s you’re going to get a lot of farmers who will start out as independent farmers and become sharecroppers in this era there’s
Already a lot of sharecroppers and there’s going to be a huge huge migration of people from the Farms who could not make it or other reasons so underlying everything it’s constant debt next with that over production do you remember the Boom by cycle so we have a boom over production what happens
To prices in over production prices begin to drop and what does everybody do at least at first when you have prices dropping and they have debts hanging over their heads what what do they do produce more which means more of a production it happens it’s really bad for Farmers even more than other
Businesses farmers are much more susceptible to this because you think about it you have one bad year and prices are dropping going into planting season I better plant everything I can get I got to catch up I have one chance so another reason though was more land was coming under under the plow
Than ever before you have more land in the south after the Civil War new areas and you very good agricultural land like in Western Iowa Nebraska South Dakota and by the 1890s some of the best wheat the best wheat producing land in America in the world the Eastern Highline of of Montana
And North Dakota which is fantastic for IND Iration I forgot to do something everybody for a second act busy I think somebody walks by act busy oops okay next over production land and mechanization remember the mechanical reaper but there’s also other issues so away mechanical Reapers
And that a lot for more production the only problem is if you’re going to buy these new machines how the farmers afforded which also means more production that’s part of the reason why you’re going to get so much migration of farmers who had these large families and
No longer could all the kids work on the farm and especially what are you do with inheritance if they have to go to the cities this really becomes a trend everyone talks about the immigration to the cities there was more migration from rural to Urban kind of like
Today I know all you’re thinking but I want to live in towns no you’re in the big metropolitan area of Halen maybe someday you can go to the big city Billings whoa so more area under the plow this is one of the things where like the mechanical reaper might seem like a boon
To Farmer yes we’re going to produce more for some sure but just like capitalism who is going to benefit from more land and mechanization big Farms or small farms Big because they can afford the capital and who is who produces almost all the food today big corporate Farms almost all of
It next railroads once again railroads seem like this Massy boond to Farmers we can get our Goods the market we can go other places and we can be tied and connected to the cities this seemed amazing but here’s the thing once the railroads come in the farmers have no choice
But to be completely dependent upon the railroads and the railroads are going to do what they call price discrimination price discrimination and you can imagine who they’re going to favor with price discrimination and so there’s couple big things they would do for price discrimination this is generically called price discrimination Monopoly
Railroads have Monopoly power in some areas to see it right look at the map look at all the railroads going in into Kansas City or Chicago that’s a lot of competition that Taps down the rates railroads can charge the railroads can’t charge too much because there’s a lot of railroads
Here you going to the Minnesota you have seven major railroads into here so the farmers here have seven choices let’s get to a state that’s a little more isolated can you think of one Montana remember I mentioned the Highline well by 1895 there’s one railroad the Great
Northern so the Great Northern runs here all the way through so when they’re going through Minnesota there’s all those railroads the Great Northern has to charge Lal rates they have to but then what can they do in areas where they full Monopoly they charge 10 or 15 times
More and so you’re in areas where you have one choice of Transportation stuck can they gouge is it like that today oh yeah how many railroads does Montana have now there the Union Pacific do going to be that’s and they really use that rout there one Burling to Northern s this
Massive Railroad monop and they charge between 8 and 15 times more depending on basically the time of year and the weather to take crops out of Montana than let’s say Kansas because there’s three Rs so that’s crisis revoltion and so prices would go up for Farm prices went up a
Lot in like for example the middle of the of the 201 or just a year ago you know food prices went up think Farmers made any money not a bit I barely made it and you bopr and Skyrocket why Monopoly here’s the next thing do railroads charge more per t for bigger
Loads or smaller small a lot more bigger loads they would like all the entire train to be one car have you noticed the big coold trains is it it great when you’re at a gway crossing your arm comes down and you look at it’s cold you know you have a
Nice little Pleasant of a mile and a half of TR so we only have to load it once and unload it once in up here in the Highline the Burlington Northern Santa Bay will not take a train a grain call for anybody unless you can fill over 100
Cars which up that’s a couple sections massive amounts far big next one same idea do railroads char charge more for long distance roads per mile or long distance um customers or the short distance a lot more railroads ideally would like to fill up in let’s say Seattle I’m doing
Burlington nor for Montana and unloading Chicago that’s their goal makees sense railroads used to ship everything but they’re big their their discrimination against short Hall by in the 1970s led the railroads to lose all their small customers you notice virtually everything you go like to a grocery store who’s looting who’s bringing the
Food in and trucks which are really inefficient much more expensive and a lot more polluted railroads are much more efficient and much better for pollution yet the railroads just kind of imp care it’s actually kind of a problem that no one has ever dealt with but you
Can see where the farmers so it goes on to this day is my point once again this is another one I say oh that’s 1890s whatever do I need to know this for the test it affects us to this day it would be a lot cheaper if more
Things were on rail a lot cheaper they just didn’t want to pay for unloading or unloading they just want to pay anybody they just want to maximize profits at that moment so next deflation remember that’s the value of money going up if you’re a creditor I’m sorry if you’re a
Debtor and the value of money’s going up or staying the same you’re paying P back your debt with money of greater value it’s hammering creditors I’m sorry debtors keep saying it’s ham it’s hammering debtors creditors like deflation so what were the policies remember the coinage act the coinage act
Of 1873 put the United States on what Financial system the more formal gold gold standard as Farmers would call it the crime of 73 because by definition that’s going to limit the amount of money so the value of money will go up now it’s not automatic about the money supply
Changing prices as they would find out in the 1970s that’s another story for economics but they thought more money in circulation prices would go up and the tax system was highly regressive a very regressive tax is called a tariff we have tariffs now we talked about tariffs before a tax that simar to
That with a sales tax so regressive taxation now the words you need to know regressive taxation does that mean that um working people middle class and Working Class People do they pay a higher percentage of taxes than wealthy people or vice versa regressive mean wealthy pay greater percentage or lesser
Percentage Yeah regressive means the wealthy pay a lower percentage of the r tariffs are a tax break to the very rich sales tax is a massive tax break for the very rich that sales taxes are just me they’re specifically designed to help other people now regressive taxation would
That be a conservative economic idea or liberal economic idea yeah very concerned very concerned Montana it’s very hard to enact a sales tax because has to go to a b of the people it’s called a referendum we’ll get to that but like the governor would love the sales STS he
Said many times he would like a seven or eight% sales St and get rid of in would love it because it would benefit people like him now his idea would be he’d use it to invest or build another Mansion you know I mean you could do whatever you want
With your money but that would be the goal I don’t think it would pass Montana’s rep they would have to change the Constitution so next what Farmers want is inflation they want to go back I should put green backs I put green back green backs or start coining more silver
The gold standard meant everything’s based on gold so silver coins would be another form essentially of currency they want to make silver Val like a gold SLS silver they called it b metalism stand and last all of this leads to more de and more de so they can never get out
Of this cycle of death that is going to be one of the reasons why these farmer movements hate Banks nobody likes the person you owe money to nobody so little piece of advice do not loan prob significant amount of money what whatever significant for you do not loan a
Significant amount to a friend or vice versa because that’s a sure way to to get an enemy so like a quarter loan a dollar time to that no but I mean don’t same thing like with certain family members just be very wary of it it causes bad blood back to
This so this is here’s the protectionist Tariff and the profits are being M by the bank here the railroad’s coming and the farmers trying to warn the people but you notice there are the ties and the railroads are going to crush them basically basically the farmer saying
It’s hurting us but it’ll hurt you too down the road these monopolies well the first effort the farmers made they thought they could influence both political parties and so a a organization of farmers you know being on the farm is pretty lonely and this was a organization to have Farmers come
Together in Social settings of dances or things like that called the gra and after the Panic of 1873 The Grange became more political it was really big in the midwest this area here but there were Granger halls for like daners and things they’re they’re still there in
Montana I remember going to a couple things in mil city after grer Hall but they thought they could appeal to both political parties nonpartisan means they’re not Democratic or republican but they’ll appeal to either so like Indiana if that’s a Republican state Republicans Iowa used to be a democratic State
Democrats and they did have one major success started in Illinois but soon spread through this area right here called the Granger laws and these are state laws that regulated railroad rates I mean they really regulated railroad rates roughly we need more literation really regulated railroads roughly railroads saw railroads were red I can’t
Moving on but only in the state borders so only within the borders of Illinois or Indiana well the railroad sued and said you can’t do that that’s illegal Restraint of trade and in mun versus Illinois m versus the state of Illinois the Supreme Court said yeah railroads can regulate trade with within the
Borders of the state this is a big deal it’s constitutional to regulate railroad rates but the railroads remembered something you might remember from one of the compromises of the Constitution let’s say the wobass central which was a railroad that operated Indiana and Illinois would be
Soon scooped up by the or the New York Central system let’s say you’re taking grain from Poria actually Pur so it’s corn well you want to see some corn drive across the Illinois wow in fact I’ve done this drive because I’m really cool from Nebraska Iowa and Illinois turkey
Turkey guess what turkeys is okay back here so the wbat central was carrying corn from poror to Chicago well they started to do this from poror to Chicago via Indianapolis so they cross state lines States can’t regulate trade across state lines do you remember the name for trade Commerce interstate commerce they cross
State lines and then sued Illinois again this is called the W bash railroad case and the Supreme Court said this is interstate commerce the states can’t do this this crushed the grer law the grer law his effort to regulate railroad R to end price discrimination fell apart the
Gra began to disappear as a political uh a political Shaker they they were still involved in some states but this was their opportunity and and farmers were Furious and others are Furious too because how do you regulate monopolies now no one asked the guts either either political
Party want to do on a national level and it convinced many farmers that both party oh only the federal government could do this and Farmers once again are feeling ignored they feel left out of the political structure the Gran did have some success they built wareh houses to store food uh
They even created a mail order a department store for Farmers called Montgomery Wards used to be a very prominent store until the 1990s Walmart it up Walmart out competition and po demon cre Farm Insurance you can imagine crop insurance in case of let’s say hail storm is a big deal for
Farmers so the bran created an insurance company that’s still here today Farmers Insurance Farmers Insurance was started by the Gran so why were they ignored well the Republican party was becoming more and more the party of big business and the Democratic party which seemed at least
40 years ago to be more outly than small farmers was the party of Jim the the new Jim Crow South remember the term Jim Crow and of big cities what was happening in the big cities with the growth of the new political ideas of these all come together called political machines
Political machines were one party controlling a city or a state one party so think about the cities they just exploded inside because the Industrial Revolution there’s overcrowding incredibly high prices for rent there’s all this internal migration and immigration coming in people are literally renting out spots of sidewalks to
Live they’re renting out alleys people are cramped into small tenements which are name for very cheap apartments some as 10 or 15 people living in a 10×10 room it was awful to find a place we have incredible overcoding now that’s always a problem in big cities but it
Was a catastrophe by the 1880s 1890s and there were no Services no basic Services there wasn’t an organized City sewage system in any City yet I want you to contemplate a city of let’s say you know 3 million people by 1900 very iffy sewage or for that matter garbage
Collection can you imagine a city a couple million and garbage I can still so vividly remember at the uh the massive New York city garbage worker strike in 1977 there were piles of garbage after one day of three stories hot in the streets I know we you’re thinking but
The smell would be so fragrant speaking of smell there’s no p no system of organized pav streets of drainage off the streets which could flood very quickly and remember New York City for example has a horses no street cleaning I think you get the idea the police department there are
Actually two police departments of for corruption there was no going in the 1870s City Fire Department there were private companies that did fire fire um service I should add they would compete for a fire in fact fire companies would even start fires and then show up at
People’s homes and say tough fire you have there how much you willing to pay to put the fire out and then go steal people blind as they put the fire firefighting became Big Business Schools Parks you get the point nobody to provide services I didn’t finish this off but
Put down political parties stepped in to provide the services by taking over the city government organized now very partisan ways to solve these problems not 100% solve them but it’ be the machine that went in these political machines they went in built the streets reorganized the police
Created a national or a uh state or I’m sorry a city Fire Department began mass transit built schools built Parks it was the machines that provided the services that did not exist and in fact when immigrants would arrive let’s say Lis Island New York City 18 1880s they’d be
Processed through Ellis Island they would get there and these immigrants had no idea let’s say they a bunch of immigrants from a a ship from from Italy so they’re speaking Italian the Democratic party would meet them somebody would there who spoke Italian and they would take them to an area
Where they could live in fact it was called Little Italy and they would help him find a job give them a place to live and everybody remembered who helped them out or when migrants would come off the farm and they show up in the big city no
Idea where to live the Democratic party would meet him in New York City all they asked in return are two little things number one the vote vote for us and they did back then there were no secret ballots and all you would do is it have two different colors pieces of paper and
It was red or green and you would pick one of the colors and they alternated at every election and green that election would be the Democratic party and you just drop it in front of everybody in the box and you voted all Democrats or vice versa and they got the
Votes oh one more little thing you know we’re doing good things right kind of good don’t watch us too close graph turn your head on the graph graph is stealing from the government ping contracts for giving contracts to build things to contractors who turned around and gave politicians money under the table
For their support does anybody know what this is called where you get money like oh thank you for the big contract to build a new courthouse in New York City anybody know what that’s called it is a bribe which is the name for that bribe okay it’s a bribe so there’s
Briber all over but it’s called great word a kickback you give me money there’s money in return so the so they’re going to build this a beautiful just beautiful Courthouse marble facade in New York City and it cost well over a million dollars which was big money in
1868 I know that’s a you know pocket change for us today that was a lot of money then get the city appropriated 10 million and all the contractors got the money and then kicked it back to the machine very efficient very efficient in making money so in New York
City The Tam machine was the Democratic machine that ran New York politics if you know about New York polit politics not just New York City but it’s the whole state because New York City kind of that’s the state it’s really weird they have elections all the time they don’t have
You know they have individual elections to make sure that only Tam people would be elected they don’t call themselves Tam now but the but you know New York City is a democratic City and with problems with that too the leader of it would be called a boss boss
William J Tweed remember Nas the guy did Santa Claus those other cartoons he SED his mission to try to show Nas corruption well I’m sorry tweets corruption so the head of the machine is a boss so boss twe Chicago would be Infamous for the daily machine running
It it’s boss da the boss ran the machine and it got kind with organized crime connotation it didn’t just happen here wherever there’s going to be some kind of democracy there will be this examples of this be would have a boss and after Tweed was arrested finally for blatantly getting Kickbacks
His replacement was William J pluet plunet and he said sure I’m stealing money but we’re making good things so it’s honest graft that’s one of my favorite terms honest graft honest theft it’s like the tall short guy so when Nas Drew plunket he just drew his head his face as a money
Bag were machines good or bad then the answer is yes very much like yes yes no but it has elements of that’s sure and they did do things that did not exist and they help people yet then they had a vested Insurance to keep people po
And coming back to the machines so the most famous was a democratic machine in New York and they don’t care about farmers in Ohio the entire state was run by boss Marcus Hannah and Ohio would become therefore the state of presidents because nobody get the presidential nomination unless they had the approval
Of Boss Hannah and to this day oh Ohio really is a republican controlled State the Democratic party has always been kind of disarray for a while Los Angeles and California was a republican machine and the Republican machine would kind of blow itself up in the early
1990s I know it might seem weird to think about if you follow politics today think about California being a Republican state but that’s not that long ago AKA somebody you know was alive during that time I don’t know who it might be but that’s the machines and so that’s where you get
This weird Democratic party of machine politics and the Jim Crow out wow was a Democratic party weird and the Republican party is becoming more and more very conservative economic Pro business so in 1880 this presidential ele the Panic is just getting over hay who sent troops out during the Panic a
So ended reconstruction Hayes couldn’t be president again by the way anybody want to guess what state Hayes was from he’s a republican Ohio the Democrats are thinking we have an answer and a lot of farmers are putting their faith in the Democratic party the Democratic party has been accused of treason remember
That whole Civil War thing so they nominated a war hero Winfield Scott Hancock you might remember that name he was the hero of Gettysburg he held Cemetery Ridge against tickets charge he promised to lower the Tariff and a few other things well the Republicans so that
Democrats think we got it now we have it how can they say we’re Traders if we pick one of the greatest Union war heroes the Republicans are totally divided on the issue of patronage patronage is the giving of government jobs remember the spoil system in Andrew Jackson they are completely divided by
This government jobs were becoming big business remember Indian agents they were called to Rand the reservations that was a plum patronage position where you they were getting rich another one was running the customs house they collected the tariffs there were a lot of Kickbacks involved with avoiding
Tariffs it’s a big issue in every country that have the Tariff to this day the stalwarts thought this system was great we’re all it’s strength the Republican party and we’re all making money the halfs wanted patronage reform they wanted reform the weird name halfs well they couldn’t make a decision
Eventually oh both were conservative economic for the most part the national Republican party was becoming more law I Fair what is the name of the philosophy where you believe there’s a hierarchy I gave you the initials social Darwinism and so the Republicans couldn’t pick anybody would he call a
Candidate who nobody really knows they picked a dark horse from guest the State Ohio James Darfield member of Congress a minor but still a war hero he had a great reputation in Congress as a reformer yet he totally didn’t anger all the stalwarts he seemed like a very good choice but the
Stalwarts were still mad so they picked a non-politician somebody who ran the custom house and got rich as vice president Chester A Arthur now for obvious reasons we don’t always go through the vice presidents this is what we call foreshadowing garf’s one of the great mysteries in
American history because he was when he was president he kept his views pretty close to the vest he there are some issues with him but there are things that I think are quite admirable he wanted to do something about the emergence of we call Jim Pro and the
S I consider that very admirable he’s a he’s complex he is a good American I’m looking n or 10 questions oh if you do not get the bookmark for chapter 18 or 19 I acally made two extra sets but if you need one I’ll put it
Right on the desk you grab it on the way out sound good chap chapter uh 17 to 19 if you didn’t get one I G I thought I gave it out a long time ago and it’s been on teams for I wasn’t did you Miss today I me you go shake the on the lighthouse in Secret Service AGC goodbye everybody R you find work and I’m going to tell you I’m telling you right now hang by your thumbs thank see you you want to do the quiz today or tomorrow tomorrow tomorrow okay I got