Speaker: Dr Maggie Krakowian, Director of Medical Provision at Forest School.
Good evening Forest community members and Welcome to our forest Focus webinar this evening as always we’re not expecting any technical difficulties but please do bear with us if we encounter any problems if you could be kind enough to complete our feedback survey so we’re always improving what we do that would
Be great and that’ll be displayed at the end for you in the form of a QR code please do join us on Tuesday the 6th of February for our next webinar which will be focused on diversity and inclusivity why does it matter for your child and
That will be delivered in our DDI week and this year’s theme is celebrating different so we’re hugely excited for that I will be introducing our guest speaker tonight who will be discussing vaping and snoo and education in terms of rsh relationship sexual health education um especially regarding harmful substances particularly vaping
Will be covered in the RSC curriculum for all key stages at some point if you do wish for further information of the content of this and when it’s will be delivered particularly related to your child and section and keystage please do contact Miss Arthur as head of department for
Rsh so our speaker this evening Dr Maggie is the director of medical provision at Forest school so we’re very very lucky to have her join us but has previously worked as an NHS doctor in various internal medical Fields as well as surgical Fields Dr Maggie has completed her foundation training
Colchester Hospital and she will be combining her medical knowledge with the observation she has made work in the school setting cating information from variable sources to give advice on how to manage cases of vaping and snooes under the age of 18 we’re incredibly lucky to have Dr Maggie as part of our
Medical team at Forest but she works very closely obviously with the safeguarding team with Mr Kane and the deputy dsls and as well as myself with pastoral so without further Ado I’m going to bring on Dr Maggie hello thank you very much Miss Milton um and thank you to all of those
Um who have joined us uh and if you’re watching this on YouTube um not live thank you for for taking the time to do so um so this presentation is going to be about Vapes and sneeze I think this is an incredibly um important topic um
And and one that parents should you know talk to their children about um it is on the Rise um so let’s start with Vapes um and let’s first establish what Vapes or ecigarettes are so they come in various forms depending on which generation they are from the most common ones are Vape
Pods and mods and the first ecigarette was actually invented in 2003 so it’s been a long time it’s been two decades um that they’ve been around but they’ve been getting increasingly popular in recent years so so uh this year it’s estimated that 4.3 million British people Vape uh which is up from 800,000
Just a decade ago so Vapes work by vaporizing liquid that contains four ingredients nicotine two dilutant and flavorings the vapor is inhaled by the user so Vapes were created as an alternative to tobacco smoking and have shown to be a really great um and effective stop smoking Aid um especially
Compared to nicotine patches or nicotine gums um so when used by the correct demographic Vapes can actually be lifechanging and life prolonging as we know cigarettes are one of the leading causes of preventable deaths worldwide they release thousands of chemicals 70 of which are known carcinogens and are
Toxic not only to the user but also to the people who um are exposed to the secondhand smoke um and those who switch from smoking to vaping have significantly reduced um exposure to the toxins assoc assciated with risks of cancer lung disease heart disease and stroke um and it also protects the users
Um well the people around the user because they’re not inhaling that that toxic um smoke so the most important thing to know is that Vapes are made for people who already have a nicotine addiction bapes are not risk-free um they can cause side effects such as throat and mouth irritation headache cough and
Nausea especially in the long term um and of course because I mean they’ve been around for for two decades but they’re only on the rise recently so it’s difficult to say what the long-term effects may be and now Sno so this is a slightly newer one uh that we’re seeing it’s very
Popular in Scandinavian countries but it’s slowly making its way to the UK it contains ground tobacco salt and flavorings and it’s prepackaged in small sachets a bit like mini tea bags but it can also come in like a loose powder form um the nicotine content varies
Between Brands uh and most of it is produced in Sweden it is pasteurized not fermented meaning that inhibits the growth of bacteria uh which form tobacco specific carcinogens um and it doesn’t uh sort of provide any or present with any respiratory risks is it is placed under
The lip um and sort of between the lip and gum and it releases the saliva into the it releases the nicotine into the saliva sorry um sneezes it’s not associated with any cancers uh there have been some reports of it being associated with pancreatic cancer although the research is fairly weak and
Unsupported uh but the general um consensus is that there are no known um sort of disease uh risks involved but as with vaping um it can be a good alternative to um stopping traditional tobacco smoking however selling snoo is actually illegal in in the UK
Um so if we look a little bit into the statistics um obviously since sis illegal we don’t really have um official statistics uh but it is on the rise we’re seeing it more and more um it’s seen in schools so it’s definitely something that we have to be wary
Of so if we look at this graph um we can see that the numbers aren’t huge um 11.6% might not seem that High um but we do have to take into account that um there will probably be some Under reporting that not all under 18s will be
Forthcoming and want to um sort of expose themselves and say that they Vape but it is generally the trend is going up um so 11.6% um and that’s for trying vaping once or twice so a bit more of a you know just seeing what it is um trying it
Out um Regular use is is a lot lower it’s about 3.7 again we have to take into account potential Under reporting um and then occasional use is quite similar at 3.9% um and then this is ever use of cigarettes of ecigarettes by age um so we see that most um the highest number
Is 38% these are 18 year olds um using ecigarettes regularly uh and then 16 to 17’s about 34% so not too far off but 11 to 15’s 15% which is still a fairly significant number and then here are various reasons uh why people under 18 decide to try a
Vape um and so the Orange is the people who’ve never tried uh tobacco products cigarettes and the black is people who have had um or being exposed to smoking cigarettes so largely you’ll see just to give it a try um obviously young people are curious uh they want to know they
See other people do it they want to give it a try um but we will sort of go into why even once is just not uh worth it or or it’s not really worth uh even experimenting or trying because it can lead um to sort of a Snowball Effect um
But that’s generally the reason um they want to feel like they fit in their peers do it they might enjoy the experience those are the most common reasons um as to why people uh Vape are under 18 uh and then this is also quite an important one so this is where they are
Getting these Vapes from so as I mentioned it is legal for under 18s to vape um and or to even buy Vapes to use Vapes but the most common ways of obtaining a vape for under 18s is either buying them from a shop or being given
Them by by someone else could be friends or um you know just whoever they manage to convince to get them a vape uh but those are the ones we’ll focus on a little bit later so going back to the law um the law is very clear on the use
Of Vapes for under 18s it is illegal for anyone under 18 to purchase or use vaping products s um the medicines and healthc care products regulatory agency or MH um is responsible for implementing a number of Provisions to ensure that minimum standards for safety and quality
Of uh Vapes are met so Vape cartilages must not contain more than 2 milliliters of E-liquid and contain no more than 20 milligrams per milliliter of nicotine all Vapes must be notified and published by the MH before they can be legally sold to over 18s um but given that the majority of
Adolescents who Vape either buy the Vapes themselves illegally or get them from someone else the chances of acquiring illegal and potentially dangerous Fates increases so if they are bought the credibility of the shop must be questioned why are they not checking IDs if they’re not implementing strict ID
Checks can we trust that the Vapes that they are selling are actually mha legal um and then on the other hand if under 18s are acquiring them from others it is difficult to trace um where those Vapes came from if they’re M MH legal and also the person supplying these
Vapes is choosing to break the law um and that needs to be considered um do do you know can that person actually be trusted um so in May of last year 2023 the BBC actually reported an um illegal Vapes that had been confiscated from school pupils at Baxter College and
Kidderminster um there were 18 Vapes in total um and they found when they were tested that they contained Twice The Daily safe amount of lead and nine times the safe amount of nickel so lead is a neurotoxin and it repairs brain development and nickel is an allergen it’s metal generally metal particles in
In the bloodstream can cause uh blood clotting can exacerbate any cardiovascular disease um you and these are illegal Vapes and and these are just pupils who you know thought oh let’s give it a go I just you know want to give it a try but actually what they
Were smoking was dangerous and and full of chemicals that shouldn’t be there um and S was mentioned illegal so um but the usage is actually permissible for over 18s of course not under 18s um so yes so we’ll talk a little bit now about the effects of nicotine on brain
Development so since uh the main sort of product that is dangerous in Vapes and well legal Vapes um and snoo is the nicotine that’s what this session will really focus on um I think there’s a lot of focus with cigarettes about the thousands of chemicals which absolutely um you know
That are the horrible stuff that they put in it that is extremely dangerous um but because that sort of is so significant it overshadows um the effect of nicotine um but because Vapes don’t really contain many chemicals when they’re legal only four things are in them and snoo is just really tobacco um
I want to focus on the nicotine so the effects of nicotine on human brain development cannot be studied directly for obvious ethical reasons we’re not going to be giving children uh nicotine or Vapes and then testing them uh but countless Studies have been performed on rats because our
Brain chemistry is actually very similar so we can observe how highly addictive nicotine is it is the reason why three in every four people who start start smoking or vaping as teenagers continue into adulthood nicotine uh mediates it effects via receptors called nicotinic coleric receptors um they are very
Widely distributed throughout the brain uh they respond to a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine but nicotine is an Agonist which means it sort of mimics acetylcholine the transmitter and it means that it can bind to these receptors and sort of activate them so um they expressed very early in brain
Development and play critical role in developmental stages from cognition to behavior and to learning to emotions um so in certain parts of the brain these receptors are more sensitive to the effects of nicotine um and many long-term neurochemical and and morphological changes have been linked to nicotine use in adolescent
Years also during brain development connections between some neurons so these are known as copses grow stronger uh while others are removed or or pruned a bit like branches tree branches uh by immune cells um and they’re effectively sort of like the cleaners of the brain they keep everything in order um and
This process should um create a more efficient adult brain um but using nicotine during this time appears to change the way these immune cells s prune the synapses and therefore the way the brain re reorganizes itself in preparation for adulthood is altered um most notably this has been observed in
Two areas of the brain I mean it’s been seen in in many points well areas of the brain but I want to focus on two in particular uh one is called the nucleus accumbent and the basil lateral amigdala amigdala is probably one that people have would have heard of a bit more so
The nucleus cumbent plays a significant role in cognitive processing um of emotion aversion and reward such as positive reinforcement and then the basolateral amydala um mediates specific pavlovian instrumental transfer so also known as classical conditioning whereby a conditioned stimulus is associated with a rewarding or an aversive stimuli
Pavlov’s dog that that kind of thing um and it’s also responsible for fear and pain memory so we can now start thinking okay we’re seeing these changes with nicotine um when they bind to these uh these receptors and especially in these parts of the brain that are involved in
Such important processes uh we can start recognizing that um our brains are quite sensitive um and susceptible to change because of it so let’s talk about nicotine and the risks um so before I discuss the behavioral and cognitive changes that occur as a result of nicotine exposure
I’d just like to stress that the mechanism is extremely complex um I’ve tried to simplify the information as much as possible um but I obviously don’t want it to make it seem like there’s only one type of process or you know one neurotransmitter one receptor um that’s responsible for these effects
It’s a plethora of of things that play um that go into it but for the purpose of today’s session I’m just going to try and keep it brief and simple but I do strongly encourage for those interested to read up on some studies uh if you’d like to get the full picture they’re
Quite heavy but I definitely recommend them so okay because nicotine uh releases a flood of dopamine I’m sure we’re all aware of of the effects of dopamine it’s a neurotransmitter that creates upbeat and Happy Feelings people love feeling that surge of dopamine and this positive sensation it makes people
Want to use the nicotine again but over time it takes a lot more nicotine to get that same feeling of reward the same positive feelings so it sets you up into this cycle of craving um and that leads to addiction and very quickly the brain’s reward system uh
Becomes altered uh and it’s sort of never the same um so research has showned shown that in young rats um the equivalent to human teenagers were more sensitive to nicotine than adult rats um and adolescents have an overreactive reward response um and improved task performance when earning rewards which
Means that they are more likely to engage in these behaviors that sort of result in this immediate gratification so they sort of you know looking for that dopamine Rush um and young rats um had a higher level of nicotine self-administration than adult rats um they had decreased sensitivity
To the aversive effects of nicotine and less prominent withd drawal following chronic nicotine exposure so you’ve got these increased positive and decreased negative short-term effects of nicotine during adolescence and that highlights the possibility that teenagers are particularly vulnerable um to Def to sort of developing that dependency to
Nicotine and then continuing to use Fates um and snooze um and in fact in the UK most adult smokers had their first cigarette or were already addicted to nicotine by the age of 18 and 90% of Lifetime smokers smoking is initiated between a the ages of 10 and 20 years of
Age so we are seeing that relationship between starting in a very early age and and continuing um that habit over the years and into adulthood um and links have also been found between adolescent nicotine use and other addictions so activation of nicotinic uh coleric receptors through a nicotine induced dopamine release so
Lots of dopamine coming out because of the activation of these receptors um it can alter the expression and function of other receptors involved in drug uh use of course there’s millions of receptors uh we won’t go into them but not all um drugs obviously work in the same way or
Activate the same uh receptors but there is that link that nicotine can sort of adjust or heighten the response of of other drugs um and in a study they found that early adolescent rats exposed to intravenous so via vein uh nicotine levels equivalent to one or two
Cigarettes per day for four days so this is quite a a low dose I mean there’s people who um you know smoke a pack a day that’s 20 cigarettes so two one or two fairly low dose um and over a fairly short time only four days um and they actually administered self- administered
A greater amount of cocaine um meth methamphetamines um alcohol uh compared to the Adolescent rats that were never exposed to nicotine or unexposed adult rats um so it didn’t really matter that they were adolescent or or adult it mattered that they had uh nicotine at such a early
Age um and a study in the US so a lot of the This research is also done in the US uh revealed that the rate of cocaine dependence uh was actually the highest among um cocaine users who had U initiated cocaine but started uh making cigarettes first so that was at
20.2% um and the rate of dependence to cocaine was much lower amongst those who um hadn’t initiated uh smoking uh before that was about 6.3% so there is that Gap there um and more notably alcohol um alcohol and nicotine products are more frequently co-abused uh than consumed separately um
A survey in the US of high school seniors there about 17 18 year olds um revealed that 88% of smokers were drinkers uh while 55% of nonsmokers were drinkers so the Adolescent susceptibility to co-use of nicotine and alcohol is also observed in rodents so as concurrent self-administration of
Both drugs um in adolescent uh was quite High uh in in the rats but not amongst the adult rats um so basically exposure to the nicotine made the rats self-administer the alcohol more but in the population of adult rats that hadn’t been exposed to nicotine um the self-administration of alcohol was a lot
Lower um so these findings sort of collectively indicate that nicotine exposure during adolescence enhances alcohol consumption more than if that same exposure occurs later in life um so the nicotine exposure and moving on um there is a a very clear relationship very strong relationship between nicotine dependence and neuros psychiatric disorders but in
Terms of the potential relations between smoking and mood and anxiety disorders causality may run in multiple directions so for example individuals with higher trait anxiety levels are more likely to report smoking behaviors suggesting that nicotine dependence may serve as a self-medication strategy to mitigate sort of the pre-existing anxiety
Symptoms rather than causing it but alternatively anxiety related symptoms May develop due to underlying genetic factors that make the individual more susceptible to nicotine um independently of the effects of nicotine itself on the developing brain um it’s sort of like the Chicken and the Egg what came first
Um but that leads us to the question you know so does exposure to nicotine during uh these critical periods of adolescent brain development trigger a pathophysiological process towards the development of mood and anxiety disorders it’s not very clear but there is sort of enough evidence pointing to a
Potential uh cause and effect uh relationship that just does not warrant the use of uh nicotine in adolescent years so in Rat studies behaviorally uh rats treated with chronic nicotine during adolescence displayed a variety of depressive and anxiety like States when they were tested um in early adulthood um they noticed obviously you
Can’t ask a rat are you depressed but you can make inferences um so they noticed that they spent a lot less time in bright environments um and and they didn’t really want to be in the center of of an open field so rats generally don’t like
Open Spaces um but the rats treated with the nicotine were a lot more afraid of of Open Spaces they wouldn’t go in the middle they’ve noticed some deficits in social cognition memory um there’s increased immobility in the forced swim test so they sort of freeze um a lot
More rather than just sort of push through that fear and they actually had a decreased sucrose preference uh so rats love the the sugary um uh taste and and the ones that were treated with the nicotine that was a lot um lower so generally rats showed greater stress
Response and a lack of interest in positive experiences like the sucros um and also from a sort of molecular uh point of view the researchers found some adaptations including in the nucleus cumb that we spoke about earlier so in adolescent rats treated with nicotine um that then persisted into adulthood um so
These changes were longlasting uh rather than sort of a short-term molecular change uh they noticed that as those rats aged the changes that were made during that um exposure to nicotine actually didn’t go away they persisted um so these biomarkers these molecular biomarkers have been associated in humans with mood
And anxiety disorders um however it’s also important to know actually that in those in that study um they found that those molecular changes were completely absent in the adult rat population that wasn’t exposed so these changes that they saw in the nucleus cumbin and the you know molecular structure um were
Only seen in the Adolescent rats um exposed to nicotine that were longlasting not in the unexposed adult population and like I said we can’t say for certain that these behaviors are um you know definitely what they are but again we make these inferences um and I think combined with what is observable
Measurable um and reproducible in these studies um these neurochemical changes it becomes a lot more compelling um that there is a link between the two um and lastly from the studies there was another rodent model it’s quite interesting um and they reported that chronic exposure to nicotine and Adolescent rats induced significant and
Enduring cognitive deficits and attentional performance um and increments in impulsive control so these phenotypes are actually absent in adult rats that um weren’t exposed to nicotine um and this was CH again linked to a change in the neurochemical and functional phenotypes um so so what you
Express um uh and this was all largely in the prefrontal cortex so we know that this is an area of the brain which is um responsible for adaptive function emotion regulation um sort of cognitive flexibility uh and that area is also affected um well seen to be affected in
Rodents uh that were exposed to nicotine um in their adolescent years so all of this leads to the question are Vapes worth the risk no um in adolescence I mean there’s so many studies there’s so much research done on this um on rodents where we are seeing these changes um these irreversible
Changes that um even though we can’t necessarily directly study uh this in humans it seems that there are changes that made that we don’t want to see in our children um we don’t want them to become more fearful um more anxious um depressed uh I mean
Again any research sort of can be argued that actually cause and effect and what came first are people just more susceptible to smoking who have these sorts of problems but actually since we’ve now looked um into the molecular the neurochemical the morphological changes in these really sensitive parts
Of the brain um it it seems that uh that people young people are just very very um susceptible um and it’s not the same as starting nicotine in your adult years um sort of maybe after 24 when the brain is fully developed um and regressing um
But it it’s just not worth the risk for young people um like I said Vapes uh and snooze were designed for people people who have uh a nicotine addiction already they are a much much safer alternative to cigarettes um but that does not mean that they are risk-free uh that people
Who’ve never had an nicotine addiction should now be reaching for Vapes and for snooze um to fit in or to give it a go um we’ve seen in research that actually these low doses for short periods of time are already making an effect that actually is one dose or or one sort of
Of um time vaping enough to cause some kind of change in a young person’s brain um changes that they won’t be able to reverse and will last into adulthood um I think the state of the world is quite a stressful one um things are getting a
Lot harder for young people um and I don’t think that the added sort of Stress and Anxiety that can be Associated long term with nicotine exposure uh will help in that situation um I think it’s also quite similar to using uh like a a comparison to something like insulin um you can have
Regular medications um you know medications not drugs illicit drugs uh but things that people take that are potentially life-saving um and when used by the correct people so for example diabetics when they use insulin it can be life-saving but if it’s in the hands of someone who doesn’t have diabetes it
Can actually you know kill them it can be horrible it can cause so much harm so it’s quite similar in this case when used appropriately by the correct demographic by people who are trying to get off cigarettes um they are fantastic but not for young people not to create um a new nicotine
Addiction and then what should you do so as a parents it is a huge responsibility on your shoulders um to sort of relay that information to have an open uh dialogue with your children about this um and I think it is important to talk about it openly uh rather than sort of
Pretend that it’s not happening especially with the statistics that we’ve seen where it is on the Rise um it is something that needs to be addressed so how should you talk to them about it most importantly no fear mongering um I think scaring children um is not the way
Forward you want to establish the trust with your child um and exaggerating facts or giving them inaccurate information is only going to jeopardize that relationship and that trust also children have access to the internet they’re glued to their phones they can fact check you um even on the NHS
Website U I think there’s a a website where it’s sort of common myths around Vapes and pretty sure number one or number two is that they are more dangerous than cigarettes they are not more dangerous than cigarettes um but that does not make them safe for young people so it’s about contextualizing
That information and making it relevant to them um there’s a big push um for the use of Vapes um you can see sort of how they’re marketed they’re quite appealing to young people um they’re very colorful lots of interesting flavors so it it sort of makes it look
Like they should be accessible to under 18s but they’re not um they shouldn’t be used as that they should be used as a tool to stop smoking cigarettes so if you’re able to find a good time so talk to them when they’re not too stressed or anxious don’t do it
During exam time we’ve had our mocks now so hopefully um everyone’s a bit more relaxed but just find a a suitable time when they’re relaxed they’re not going to sort of get flusty Ed or not know how to react and maybe sort of have a negative reaction to you for bringing
This topic up try to be natural if you walk past a vape shop or see someone vaping or or on the street or on TV just try to use it as a cue to talk to your child about Vapes um again snooze you might start seeing that um on the
Streets people using it it’s quite obvious there’s a little people have a little sort of Bulge here on their lip um but bring it up don’t be scared um and ask what your child thinks about um Vapes and snooze ask what they know about them um don’t interrupt them when
They’re talking just let them sort of have the stage talk about it talk about what they think about it what they feel um and if you feel comfortable enough you can ask you have you tried it before don’t be scared I won’t be upset if you
If you have I just want to know whether you’ve tried tried it and if they do confess that they have tried it or you already maybe even know um that they’ve done it I know it can be easy to be up upset but try not to become reactive so
It can be really upsetting but know that your child is more likely to open up to you and seek support from you if they feel that they can do so safely um and praise them for sharing that information um and just maybe ask you know say you tried the The Vape or
Snooze how did that make you feel and then try gently provide some facts um you know you can I’m happy to to share this information um the slides you can look it up yourself there’s loads and loads um of research done um on the effects of brain development and
I mean there’s lots of other things that you know that is sort of more hypothetical um because Vapes have not been around for long enough enough to see the long-term effects but you know things that you can sort of maybe expect or or just have in the back of your mind
That you know there can be some kind of long-term uh consequence to them make it feel like a discussion and not like a lecture like I’m doing right now try and talk to them back you know back and forward listen to them they listen to you um explain why they shouldn’t Vape
Or snooze um tell them you know why they’re good for adults again this is the fear mongering thing don’t I think saying oh gosh they’re worse they’re worse than cigarettes you’re going to die the world’s going to fall apart isn’t the right attitude to have um it’s about being realistic um
Having realistic expectations as well from your child um to know that you know they might experiment they might try and that is okay um I mean obviously our aim is to for them to never do it but if they’ve already done it um you you can’t can’t change the
Past by being upset um and then once you’ve shared that information ask if that makes sense answer any questions that they might have if you see they’re a bit hesitant maybe you know talk about it again another time offer some sort of resources for them to
Read and you can very much be clear that you are opposed um to using nicotine products so this isn’t about um gentle parenting and blowing the lines or appearing neutral nonchalant uh but it needs to be commun communicated carefully um because I think the more
You you can push a child and sort of don’t do this do that uh sometimes the more they can Rebel um and if they confess for example that they do feel that pressure from their peers to vape or to snooze teach them ways that they can say no thank you
Confidently um if they use it to relieve stress try and find an alternative um to to help them relax um you know when they feel like they are under a lot of pressure what is a safer um you know better way for them to sort of decompress rather than using a vape
Which um contains nicotine um and help and support them rather than shame them um we know how strong the reward system is in a child’s brain use that to your advantage praise them encourage them be open with them and if you do vape yourself um I mean
Try not to sort of do it in front of your children but if they already know about it um use it correctly so try and taper your nicotine dose until you can quit altoe they’re not made to be used forever or or longterm sort of like
Cigarettes uh were in the past it’s a a temporary measure um to sort of quit that addiction and then you know eventually reach um such a low dose that you can just quit it all together be that positive role model for your child um and make it a positive experience
Rather than a stressful one so having that openness um keep having those discussions uh but yeah I mean I hope that was clear I know it is quite a heavy topic um and it is very science-based um there’s a lot of research there’s a lot of receptors and
Parts of the brain and it can get a bit complicated but the sort of conclusion or the general consensus is nicotine does affect brain development um nicotine as an adult once the brain has developed um is a completely different picture uh our brains have already sort
Of developed to 100% um but in that critical period for young people when they are still growing and developing and this um you know neurons are connecting or you know the immune cells are trying to sort of cut the right connections and the right neurons um it’s just not worth getting into an
Addiction um I think people are a lot more uh aware of cigarettes cigarettes use is on the decline but let’s not replace that with vaping uh today actually I think I saw the um rushy CAC our favorite uh man is um coming up with actually a good idea
For once where um there’s going to be a ban on using Vapes so uh people born after I think it was 2009 will no longer be able to uh buy Vapes uh in the future so it is you know this isn’t something that is going to last forever I hope but
In that interim where it is on the rise let’s try and be responsible Let’s help these young people let’s try and prevent it um from starting but if it’s already started um you know also not to scare children that oh my gosh your brain’s never going to be the same but just not
Continuing it because the longer the exposure is the bigger the changes are um and then the harder it can be for them uh to sort of adapt to scary situations adulthood is scary let’s not make it scarier for them so thank you very much for your attention um I’ve
Tried to keep it brief I hope I didn’t go too fast or ramble um but please do you leave uh any feedback or any questions um and I’m happy to provide um sources where you can uh read a little bit more um about sort of where I cated this information from if you’re
Interested so thank you very much