BEGC 105 American Literature
Unit 1 AMERICAN DRAMA : AN INTRODUCTION
ഇന്ദിരാഗാന്ധി നാഷണൽ ഓപ്പൺ യൂണിവേഴ്സിറ്റിയിൽ (IGNOU) BA English (Honours) പഠിക്കുന്നവർക്കുള്ള വീഡിയോ ക്ലാസ് .
മറ്റു ക്ലാസുകൾ
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Unit one American drama and introduction so in this unit we have an introduction uh American drama around Arthur Miller other life and works major Place topics the objectives of this this unit is to examine the growth of American drama from its beginning in the 1700 Century till the 1940s
So intruction as an introduction it is given that American drama began in the American colonies in the 17th century and has continued developing to the present so American drama American col 17th cury uh 20th century realism dominated both comedies and tragedies uh and as a century Advanced American drama took a
Broader issues of race gender sexuality and death Rend Little Theater iCal activity uh took place before the mid 18th century because the early settlers of American colonies faced harsh relieving conditions after migrating to this alien land so the thing is that American drama the beginning 16 produce that was the first theatrical
Performance in America that led to the tri of actors then in the 18th century many colonies in America enacted laws forbiding the performance of plays because of the purit belief that the seventh of the Ten Commandments in the Bible did not allow dancing and in acting place that means in thec so that
17 theat activity to meet this requirement the first play Andro boros written by Robert Hunter an English Governor came as an attack on his political enemies despite New York’s anti the theater law so and it was written by Rober Hunter English that was an attack on his enemies this play established the
Tradition of political Sater charting out the course that American drama was to follow for the next two centuries so that was the that play Lish the tradition of political Pakistan boys the Pakistan boys which was in 1732 the trial of articus articus 1771 and the authorship was not known but
Robert the candidates of the humor of a Virginia election is also there in 1770 before many plays appeared a group of British professional actors formed to touring circuit in the 1750s and this group in the early 1760s was known as the in 1767 they stage play the prince of
Partha a tragedy by Thomas Godfrey so prince the prince of paria play Thomas Godfrey play and it was a tragedy and it is considered as the first professional production of a player written in the prince of paria during the American Revolution many professional actors moved to Jamaica American Revolution
Professional During the period of Revolution that is 1775 to 1783 sa Place were written either supporting British control of the colonies or attacking the Battle of BR which was Pro British and written anonymously sat leaders like George Washington uh the battle of the battle of Brookline mer War the strongest American
Dramatic voice of the Revolution presented the Revolutionary course in her place the adulator it is in 1772 the defeat 1773 the group 1776 the blackhead 1776 so Mercy Otis strong amican drama which was in 1772 the defeat 1773 the group 1776 and the blackhead 1776 then again a play by Robert mford
The Patriots 1779 attained true dramatic character by taking a neutral St and attacking both sides for their intolerance 1779 the Patriots by Robert it attained true dramatic character by taking a neutral St and attacking both sides for their in the Patriots the professional actors who had moved to Jamaica during the American
Revolution were touring America again in the mid 1780s became a nation in3 through a victory against British colonial power3 British colon3 robot Taylor was the first player the nation to write the finest American play of the 18th century the contrast which was in 1787 so
18 1787 and and it was by Robo Taylor Robo Taylor the contrast 1787 in 18th century finest American play thisy that as the customs of the upper classes is written in the format of British comedy o much to Sher dance the school for scandal in 1777 so Robo Taylor in the contrast Play
It’s five acty the Cs of the upper classes upper cles and it is written in the format of British comedy British comedy School T us the contrast in 1787 it is a five CL and it and it Sates the customs of the upper classes okay next is American drama 1800s
1800s will introduced mama in his Place next is importance will introduced melama in his place M the most prevalent dramatic form of the 19th century 19th century 1800 19y for giv drama its most important characteristic dramatic conflict also goes to him most of his place were adaptations or translations from the fren andman the protagonist of Major John
Andre in D loves play Andre 1798 shows uh admirable qualities by saving a American captain despite George Washington unqualified antagonism towards for conspiring to destroy an American Garrison so the thing is that play9 Andre so this John Andre D’s play shows at admirable qualities George Washington’s unqualified antagonism towards INF for
Conspireing to destroy an American Garrison majority of the place written in America in the 19th century were largely produced for commercial purpose commercial purposes to benefit the heterogeneous public residing All Over America whose primary interest for seeing the shows and the favorite actors performing in this place so 19 situation so
That most of the most of the place were not published but were meant only to be seen and to be not read not and not to be read as a result they are now irrevocably lost printed form one of Jes Nelson Barker produced some of the best known Works Mar on 1812
And Superstition 1812 1824 so 182 will Super 182 4 the lat a dramtic tragedy based on specific American situations was set in New England and explored the themes of isolationism bot and intolerance it was a romantic tragedy ran it is based on specific American situation the Indian princess 1808 written by him
Was the first play to explore Native American themes and characters it told the story ofas Native American woman who married an English man so the Indian princess the most well known of such drama was Metamora by John Augustus Stone so American them expl it is by John Augustus Stone the
Popularity of the Indian place that began in 1820s continued through the 1840s so 1820 popularity 184 continue in the early 19th century in American drama there is a shift in focus from nationalist causes to theth values of Romanticism wased by George Henry Booker the Brutus Brutus the fall of terquin
1819 by John Howard Pine and the Gladiator 1831 by Robert Montgomery bird we other American romantic traged tragedies Brutus the fall of ter Queen it was in 1819 and that was by John P a gladiator early 19 then 1828 amican American they were ready to accept the performance of the
Actors racial social and economic tensions in America that brought about the Civil War are well represented in harri bstone Noel Uncle Tom’s Cabin har har har Thom cabin and that was a great Sucess melodrama melodrama family issues social positions wealth okay poor of the New York under the gas light the girl of The Golden West and the Heart of mland 18 element hum life concerned with a faithful representation of Life the play rate concentrated on middle class life and preoccupations avoiding larg and dramatic issues
Issues then the scenes had threedimensional setting and the actor spoke authentic sound in dialog and while the melama but the play gradually mve towards pychological realis psych influenced by Henri Gibson a norian play psych famous person on Henri Gibson he was a Norwegian playright then bron andard bron andard was more
Concerned with morals and morality and realism reached new levels in the last Decades of the 19th century and the first Decades of the 20th century concerned with the issues of the time so real perod last Decades of the 19th century first Decades of the 20th century the bankers daughter and henita
A trip to Chinatown Edward Haring dance tribulations benman Thomson the old homest then the late 19th century drama David Basco steel mck steel mck and William gillet were closely associated with theater business Basco one of the most welln producers also directed his own the girl of the golden
Wests with rural California in the mid 19th century Gold Rush dice element uh in the C fish in the early 1900s wrote the city it is an un it is an entertaining sat using natural dialogues that dwell in the into the evils of shady Shady business and drug
Addiction so Cy fer uh the city and it was entertaining ENT then F was also the first American play to to write a sub the American family it’s development and disintegration that dominated the play of this period also became a recer in theme of playeres of the 20th century so 20th Develop so this Eugene the efforts in the early part of theth century there was a new artistic Awakening with a host of American plays forming an amure group so 20th century early part efforts set a new course for American Theater in the modern period uh while it also launching carriers of eug
And group popular sah based on a journalistic investigation SS GL one act play Trifles 1960 this is an important play 19 Susan GL One play on Trifles it was a journalistic investigation it was among its first and this play uniqueness come out with the main character
The wife is the wife who is never present on stage she is not present on the stage that is the uniqueness of this play One play Trifles then Eugene eug the which was written in 1922 1922 and it was the first to introduce expressionism in American drama amican drama expressionism
Was developed in Germany in the early 20th century 20th century develop it is a it was a movement in the visual literary and Performing Arts that Express subjective feelings and emotions rather than depicting reality objectively OB tionary mov expressionism so expressionism was a visual literary and perform visual literary movement that
Expressed subjective feelings and emotions subjective feelings and emotions in cool importance rather than depicting the objective reality in objective way so in expressionism AR is not concerned with the reality as it appears appear in with emotions aroused by the subject in nature with the emotions import concerned with the nature of man
And the forces that move in eug O Place involved characters on the fringes of society while including speeches in American vernacular for the first time Reed Lou br ma asan Anda and VC 1920 the most important Place were professionally produced in the New York City stage New York City St
Profession um plays of the 1920s and early 30s were inessive and excess exciting such as Lauren Stone stalling and Maxwell and Maxwell Anderson’s W price glory the economic lapse of the Great Depression of the 1930s led to the permanent closure of many theaters in America theat permanently CL the new
Sound technology in America gave voice to the Motion Pictures ini Motion Pictures and importance as a result the number of theater gos declined severely in the 1930 a new wave was seen in the drama of the 1930s that tackled economic suffering left being political ideologies and fears of Another World
War Clifford audits V for Lefty debated the pros and cons of capitalism while awak and sing dealt with the 1930s anxiety plays wa for it debated the pr and of capitalism aw it dealt with children’s it displayed social conscience mid 1940s the most striking new writers
For the theater emerged in works of AR Miller and tennessy Williams tenness Williams place it contributed many psychological place of disolution tenness will straet card Named Desire a straet car Named Desire 1947 cat on a h roof the glass manager straight car Named Desire tenness william4 American
Arthur Miller in tragedies All My Sons Death of a Salesman death of a sales man is very important it combin realistic characters and social issues realistic characters social Issues the CR from the sorry A View From The Bridge Willam Long Long days journey into night he won bullet surprise for that okay most famous among new he WR come little L hbes claim to play raisin in the Nan Edward Alby Edward Al is also very important aflu that examined unsympathetically the
Modern conditions influenced by European play Jet Sam beug the 1990 so the exy return of two notable play rights who thought critics had finished their carers return Bren wom theye widespread Acclaim with Al’s work winning uh the pit prise while Miller the last play finish in the picture was
Produced in 2004 and Al continues to give bittings at commentaries on modern society new such as the go or who is syia then p real beginning of Blockbuster musical eliminated new commercial theater in the United States targeting the targeting the younger audience who were attracted mobile films television computer entainment
Musical uh blogbuster musicals okay in the midth century mid 1990s and beginning of the 20th century Blockbuster musicals eliminated new commercial theater in the United States eliminate then many play started writing plays with film and television adaptation in mind read that once again and you will understand it very clearly Arthur
Miller Arthur Miller life and works of sales so in 1920 when World War first had come to an end it was time in America of the Great Depression that had deeply wounded the American economy and also it like 1920 first world war depression interesting was during this interesting period of history history interesting
Period AR Miller was born he was an American play essayist andth of was born of moderately moderately affluent Jewish American parents Isidor and austa Miller um family was he influenced uh this person and uh he wrote One play after one one play after one um 1944 the the who had all the luck play all my sense that was produced at the cor coronate theater immediate Sucess was an immediate sucess all Death of a Salesman last view from the bridge it opened in Broadway in 1955 in the join bill with one of his lesser known place a memory of two Mondays family the price it was his most successful play the pr the most successful play that appeared in 1968 since Death of a Salesman this play was published in a year that was characterized by trauma in Vietnam and assassin assassinations at home the prize is based on two brothers who meet
One one another after years of and separation it was a successful right to M Morgan then the last y produced in 1993 then it was published Death of a Salesman was published in 1949 it’s very important death of salesman it was published in 1949 and it is considered a classic of American
Theater American Theater Death of a Salesman this play was a costic attack on the American dream of achieving wealth and success without regard for principle Prin man it was the first play to win three major Awards moreon awards on win chain it received the pit prise for
Drama in 1949 Tony Award for best play as well as a newk dream drama critic Circle award for the best play and Death of a Salesman helped Miler to become an internationally known play internationally of salesman death of sales Death of a Salesman finds a main character Willie lman in his 60s
Struggling to struggling to come to grips with the fact that his American dream is unattainable 6 struggling businessman will L Willie places great importance on suppose native charm ability to make friends stating that one’s life was known throughout New England driving long hours but making unparalled sales his
Sons be happy they were the they were the pride and joy of the neighborhood and his wife wife Linda was smiling throughout the day willly Lan might have been a super Craftman but he is forced by the demands of a mechanized world to run in search of financial birth fin
Sons BFF Happ wife Linda lman will is a traveling salesman for Wagner company for 34 But as time life for him seems to be slipping out of his control he has worked hard his Ender life and likes to think that he is indispensable to the company in the New England territory he
Closes deals with contractors on the phone since increasing episodes of anxiety and depression and impair all of his ASP then he thrown out of his job as owner of the firm that did not pay enough for his survival and told him that he could no longer represent the
Firm in New England because he was doing harm to the company uh then L man’s fortunes drastic he has to depend on loans from his friend 34y old son is unable to settle down 34 is also on the lookout for and become a successful businessman Char successful businessman character
Bernard he becomes an excellent lawyer witnessing his failure fa will clings to his sons hoping that they cannot accept that his life has been a failure than that Biff is not interested in big businesses he uh he was not interested in big businesses the play ends with his
Family and only friend Charlie grieving by his grav it resembles a stream of Consciousness account stream ofous of tyam of cons and uses this device to’s dreams and reality of his life it also helps to contr characters in sympathetic as as does not allow the audience to the permanent
Jud their opinions keep shifting about each of the characters death of Salu that is written in 1952 slave girls one of the girls was par daughter bet view from the bridge that is a player written by arur Miller in 1955 1955 view from the bridge it was one it is open on Broadway at the coronate theater on January 29 1947 other three 328 performances of the moral responsibility
In the family and linked to the in struggle of men Authority during the waral responsibility all my sense the play begins with a relaxed atmosphere in an American household or Joy kill backyard where neighbors gather on a summer evening so all my play so as we have tried to sum up American
Drama from the time immigrant settlers occupied American colant amican real elementy thecal performance of America that led to the trial of actors you have to go through it again and find out the answer the growth of American drama during the 17 18 and 19 centuries long answer type questions so go through
This notes once again read it and understand it uh play you have to study this well and it’s a very it’s very helpful chapter so study well read this read this and study well okay thank you